Indian Wars
Mexican–American War American Civil War
Production history
Designer
?
Designed
1812
Manufacturer
United States Armory and Arsenal at Springfield
Produced
1812–1816
No. built
60,000
Specifications
Mass
10 lb (4.5 kg)
Length
58.0 in (1,470 mm)
Barrel length
42.0 in (1,070 mm)
Cartridge
Paper cartridge, musket ball (.65/16.510 mm) undersized to reduce the effects of powder fouling
Caliber
.69 (17.526 mm)
Barrels
Smoothbore
Action
Flintlock
Rate of fire
User dependent; usually 2 to 3 rounds every 1 minute
Muzzle velocity
1,000 to 1,200 ft/s (300 to 370 m/s)
Effective firing range
100 to 200 yards, in reality 50 to 75 yards
Maximum firing range
300 yd (275 m)[1]
Feed system
Muzzle-loaded
Sights
A front sight cast into the barrel band
The Springfield Model 1812 Musket is a .69 caliber, flintlock musket manufactured by the Springfield Armory.
The War of 1812 revealed many weaknesses in the earlier Model 1795 Musket. The Model 1812 was an attempt to improve both the design and manufacturing process of the musket. The design borrowed heavily from the French Charleville model 1777 musket.[2] The Springfield Model 1812 musket arrived too late to be of use in the War of 1812 but would later become standard issue to regular infantry and militia units.[3]
The Model 1812 was a .69 caliber smoothbore musket, with a 42-inch (107 cm) barrel and a 54-inch (137 cm) stock, and a total length of 57-inch (145 cm). The Model 1812 was produced only at Springfield: the M1795 would continue in production at Harpers Ferry into 1818.[4]
The Model 1812 was produced in a quantity of almost 30,000 between the years 1814 and 1816. It was replaced by the Model 1816 Musket. However, the Model 1812 remained in service for many years, and was even used in the American Civil War, mostly by the Confederate forces. By the start of the Civil war, the weapon was considered to be old and obsolete but was needed to fill arms shortages.[5]
Some Model 1812 muskets were later converted to percussion lock firing mechanisms. The percussion cap system was much more reliable and weatherproof than the flintlock system used on the Model 1812 in its original configuration.
Preceded by
Model 1795 Musket
United States Army rifle 1812-1816
Succeeded by
Model 1816 Musket
^"How far is "musket-shot"? Farther than you think". 26 August 2013.
^Springfield Armory Weapons Research
^"Guns on the Early Frontiers" by Carl P. Russell, Published by U of Nebraska Press, 1980
^"Guns of the Old West" by Charles Edward Chapel, Published by Courier Dover Publications, 2002
^"A Civil War Treasury" By Albert A. Nofi, Published by Da Capo Press, 1995
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