Schematic comparison between sections of non-spitting cobra fangs (left) and spitting (right). 1: Section of the whole fang in the sagittal plane. 2: Horizontal section through the fang at the discharge orifice. 3: Frontal view of the discharge orifices.Juvenile red spitting cobra, Naja pallidaRed spitting cobra
A ”spitting” cobra is any of several species of cobra that can intentionally, defensively shoot their venom directly from their fangs. This substance has two functions, with the first being as venom that can be absorbed via the victim’s eyes, mouth, or nose (or any mucous membrane or existing wound), and secondly as a toxungen, which can be sprayed on the target surface. Their ability to target and shoot venom is utilised in several different ways, self-defense being the most common instance.[1] Studies have shown that the targets (at which the cobras shoot) are far from random; rather, spitting cobras consciously take aim, directing their spray as close as possible to the eyes and face of an aggressor.
^Westhoff, G.; Tzschätzsch, K.; Bleckmann, H. (October 2005). "The spitting behavior of two species of spitting cobras". Journal of Comparative Physiology A. 191 (10): 873–881. doi:10.1007/s00359-005-0010-8. ISSN 0340-7594. PMID 16007458. S2CID 39976553.
some species "spit" their toxungen as far as 2 m (6.6 ft). While spitting is typically their primary form of defense, all spittingcobras also can deliver...
The Mozambique spittingcobra (Naja mossambica) is a highly venomous species of spittingcobra native to Africa. It is largely found in Angola, Botswana...
The red spittingcobra (Naja pallida) is a species of spittingcobra native to Africa. This medium-sized cobra attains lengths between 0.7 and 1.2 meters...
Equatorial spittingcobra (Naja sumatrana) also called the Malayan spittingcobra, golden spittingcobra, Sumatran spittingcobra, or Palawan spittingcobra, is...
species can "spit" their venom a distance as great as 2 m (6.6 ft). While spitting is typically their primary form of defense, all spittingcobras are capable...
Indochinese spittingcobra (Naja siamensis) (Thai: งูเห่า, pronounced: nguu hao) also called the Thai spittingcobra, black and white spittingcobra, Siamese...
The Mandalay spittingcobra (Naja mandalayensis), also called the Burmese spittingcobra or Mandalay cobra, is a species of spittingcobra endemic to the...
phylogeny of cobras inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences: evolution of venom spitting and the phylogeography of the African spittingcobras (Serpentes:...
nigricincta, commonly known as the zebra spittingcobra, zebra cobra, zebra snake or western barred spittingcobra, is given its name because of the dark...
The monocled cobra (Naja kaouthia), also called monocellate cobra and Indian spittingcobra, is a venomous cobra species widespread across South and Southeast...
Nubian spittingcobra or Egyptian spittingcobra (Naja nubiae) is a species of spittingcobra native to Africa. A relatively small spittingcobra. Maximum...
Naja ashei, commonly known as Ashe's spittingcobra or the giant spittingcobra, is a species of venomous snake in the family Elapidae. The species is...
Philippine cobra (Naja philippinensis) also called Philippine spittingcobra or northern Philippine cobra, is a stocky, highly venomous species of spitting cobra...
ring-necked spittingcobra, is a species of venomous snake in the family Elapidae. The species is found in parts of southern Africa. It is not a true cobra in...
Samar cobra (Naja samarensis) also called Peters' cobra, southern Philippine cobra or Visayan cobra, is a highly venomous species of spittingcobra native...
constitute the true cobras, the name cobra is also applied to these other genera and species: The rinkhals, ringhals or ring-necked spittingcobra (Hemachatus...
is capable of “spitting”, although this defensive behavior is very rare and the aim is poor and not as efficient as “true spittingcobras”. Naja sagittifera...
deliberately, it can be regarded as a form of spitting. Camel Llama SpittingcobraSpitting spider Drooling Spit-take Civic Sense. Excel Books India. pp. 116–...
cobras (for example, the red spittingcobra), this species does not spit venom. The Egyptian cobra was represented in Egyptian mythology by the cobra-headed...
The Mali cobra (Naja katiensis), also called the Katian spittingcobra or West African brown spittingcobra, is a species of spittingcobra found in West...
for camouflage. Elapidae include the black-necked spittingcobra, the Egyptian cobra and the Mali cobra. Atractaspidinae are a family of small, inoffensive...
spitting. Unlike the elongated oval shaped exit orifices of non-spittingcobras, spittingcobras have circular exit orifice at their fang tips. This combined...
forward-facing holes in their fangs for defense, as exemplified by spittingcobras. Most elapids are terrestrial, while some are strongly arboreal (African...
commonly leads laymen to confuse the juvenile Cape cobra with the Rinkhals spittingcobra. The Cape cobra is endemic to southern Africa. In South Africa,...
Panophthalmitis Orbital cellulitis Gonorrheal conjunctivitis Dacryocystitis Spittingcobra venom to the eye High concentrations of phenacyl chloride in chemical...
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