Spirularia is an order of marine Cnidarians, tube-dwelling anemones, in the subclass Ceriantharia.[2] It is one of the two orders making up Ceriantharia and includes two families, Botrucnidiferidae
and Cerianthidae, and around 99 species. The two orders differ in the makeup of their cnidome (the types of cnidocyte present), the relative sizes of the oral discs and the shape and structure of the mesenteries.[3]
These anemones dwell in parchment-like tubes immersed in soft sediment, and have two whorls of tentacles, the outer tentacles being much longer than the inner ones.[3]
^Hoeksema, Bert (2015). "Spirularia". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 20 June 2017.
^Fautin, Daphne G.; Westfall, Jane A.; Cartwright, Paulyn; Daly, Marymegan; Wyttenbach, Charles R. (2007). Coelenterate Biology 2003: Trends in Research on Cnidaria and Ctenophora. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 261–262. ISBN 978-1-4020-2762-8.
^ abGoffredo, Stefano; Dubinsky, Zvy (2016). The Cnidaria, Past, Present and Future: The world of Medusa and her sisters. Springer International Publishing. p. 66. ISBN 978-3-319-31305-4.
Spirularia is an order of marine Cnidarians, tube-dwelling anemones, in the subclass Ceriantharia. It is one of the two orders making up Ceriantharia and...
Ceriantharia — ceriantharians, tube-dwelling anemones order Penicillaria order Spirularia Anthozoa incertae sedis genus Aiptasiodes order Auloporida † genus Sarcinula...
Cerianthidae is a family of tube-dwelling anemones in the order Spirularia of the subclass Ceriantharia. The World Register of Marine Species includes...
The list of marine cnidarians of South Africa is a list of saltwater species that form a part of the cnidarian (Phylum Cnidaria) fauna of South Africa...
Botrucnidiferidae is a family of cnidarians belonging to the order Spirularia. Genera: Genus Angianthula Leloup, 1964 Genus Atractanthula Leloup, 1964...
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