Visual representation of the spectrum of frequencies of a signal as it varies with time
"Sonograph" redirects here. For the musical recording, see Sonograph (EP).
For the scientific instrument, see Optical spectrograph.
A spectrogram is a visual representation of the spectrum of frequencies of a signal as it varies with time.
When applied to an audio signal, spectrograms are sometimes called sonographs, voiceprints, or voicegrams. When the data are represented in a 3D plot they may be called waterfall displays.
Spectrograms are used extensively in the fields of music, linguistics, sonar, radar, speech processing,[1] seismology, ornithology, and others. Spectrograms of audio can be used to identify spoken words phonetically, and to analyse the various calls of animals.
A spectrogram can be generated by an optical spectrometer, a bank of band-pass filters, by Fourier transform or by a wavelet transform (in which case it is also known as a scaleogram or scalogram).[2]
A spectrogram is usually depicted as a heat map, i.e., as an image with the intensity shown by varying the colour or brightness.
^JL Flanagan, Speech Analysis, Synthesis and Perception, Springer- Verlag, New York, 1972
^Sejdic, E.; Djurovic, I.; Stankovic, L. (August 2008). "Quantitative Performance Analysis of Scalogram as Instantaneous Frequency Estimator". IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing. 56 (8): 3837–3845. Bibcode:2008ITSP...56.3837S. doi:10.1109/TSP.2008.924856. ISSN 1053-587X. S2CID 16396084.
A spectrogram is a visual representation of the spectrum of frequencies of a signal as it varies with time. When applied to an audio signal, spectrograms...
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the spectrogram can be configured. There are three types of spectrogram: generic spectrogram melodic-range spectrogram peak-frequency spectrogram Generic...
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information types include frequency spectrum, stereo field, surround field, spectrogram, and more. Computer audition – Study of understanding of audio by machine...
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Frequency-selective time-varying fading causes a cloudy pattern to appear on a spectrogram. Time is shown on the horizontal axis, frequency on the vertical axis...
appear as a single high-amplitude spike in the time-domain data. On a spectrogram, a sferic appears as a vertical stripe (reflecting its broadband and...
1997, where it reported using spectrogram in doing in vivo DOCT. The same disadvantages occur when using the spectrogram method to do in vivo tissue structure...
nearly 20 years, Turkalo has spent the majority of her time using a spectrogram to record the noises that the elephants make. After extensive observation...
represent flow towards and away from the transducer, respectively. The spectrogram below the B-mode image shows flow velocity (m/s) against time (s) obtained...