In sociology, socialization (Modern English; or socialisation - see spelling differences) is the process of internalizing the norms and ideologies of society. Socialization encompasses both learning and teaching and is thus "the means by which social and cultural continuity are attained".[1]: 5 [2]
Socialization is strongly connected to developmental psychology.[3] Humans need social experiences to learn their culture and to survive.[4]
Socialization essentially represents the whole process of learning throughout the life course and is a central influence on the behavior, beliefs, and actions of adults as well as of children.[5][6]
Socialization may lead to desirable outcomes—sometimes labeled "moral"—as regards the society where it occurs. Individual views are influenced by the society's consensus and usually tend toward what that society finds acceptable or "normal". Socialization provides only a partial explanation for human beliefs and behaviors, maintaining that agents are not blank slates predetermined by their environment;[7] scientific research provides evidence that people are shaped by both social influences and genes.[8][9][10][11]
Genetic studies have shown that a person's environment interacts with their genotype to influence behavioral outcomes.[12]
It is the process by which individuals learn their own societies culture.
^Clausen, John A. (ed.) (1968) Socialisation and Society, Boston: Little Brown and Company
^Macionis, John J. (2013). Sociology (15th ed.). Boston: Pearson. p. 126. ISBN 978-0133753271.
^Billingham, M. (2007) Sociological Perspectives p.336 In Stretch, B. and Whitehouse, M. (eds.) (2007) Health and Social Care Book 1. Oxford: Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-435-49915-0
^Macionis, John J., and Linda M. Gerber. Sociology. Toronto: Pearson Canada, 2011. Print.
^MLA Style: "socialization." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Student and Home Edition. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, 2010.
^Cromdal, Jakob (2006). "Socialization". In K. Brown (ed.). Encyclopedia of language and linguistics. North-Holland: Elsevier. pp. 462–66. doi:10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/00353-9. ISBN 978-0080448541.
^Pinker, Steven. The Blank Slate. New York: Penguin Books, 2002.
^Dusheck, Jennie, "The Interpretation of Genes". Natural History, October 2002.
^Carlson, N.R.; et al. (2005) Psychology: the science of behavior. Pearson (3rd Canadian edition). ISBN 0-205-45769-X.
^Ridley, M. (2003) Nature Via Nurture: Genes, Experience, and What Makes us Human. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-00-200663-4.
^Westen, D. (2002) Psychology: Brain, Behavior & Culture. Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-38754-1.
^Kendler, K.S. and Baker, J.H. (2007). "Genetic influences on measures of the environment: a systematic review". Psychological Medicine. 37 (5): 615–26. doi:10.1017/S0033291706009524. PMID 17176502. S2CID 43598144.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Socialization encompasses both learning and teaching and is thus "the means by which social and cultural continuity are attained".: 5 Socialization is...
of socialization. Political socialization occurs through processes of socialization, that can be structured as primary and secondary socialization. Primary...
socialization. George Moschis and Gilbert A. Churchill Jr posit that mass media, parents, school and peers are all agents of consumer socialization....
this is known as secondary socialization. A vast variety of people have contributed to the theory of primary socialization, of those include Sigmund Freud...
the variety of socialization activities they offer in order to integrate productive new workers. Possible activities include socialization tactics, formal...
Neurath conceptualized a comprehensive view of socialization during the socialization debates. "Total socialization" involved not only a form of ownership but...
countries not shown above. Publicly funded health care Social medicine Socialization (economics) Universal health care The American Heritage Medical Dictionary...
experience socialization through the critical period of socialization in two main types: active and passive. Active implies the intended socialization of humans...
discourse socialization is a form of language socialization through which newcomers or novices gain knowledge of the academic discourses by socializing and...
Socialized Hate is the debut album from Arizona thrash metal band, Atrophy. It was released on Roadrunner Records in 1988 and followed two successful demo...
Broadly speaking, indoctrination can refer to a general process of socialization. In common discourse, the term often has a pejorative valence to refer...
Reciprocal socialization "is a socialization process that is bidirectional; children socialize parents just as parents socialize children". For example...
the behavior patterns of the community is called socialization. The most fertile time of socialization is usually the early stages of life, during which...
efforts in legal socialization," defines the concept this way: Compliance to laws and respect for authority is variously called socialization, internalization...
practice, such a tendency is virtually inevitable. For one thing, the socialization of the economy must lead to a numerical growth of the bureaucracy required...
Homosocialization or LGBT socialization is the process by which LGBT people meet, relate and become integrated in the LGBT community, especially with...
develop social skills around people. Those that do not receive adequate socialization during this period may display fearful behavior around humans or other...
(/oʊˈmɛɡəl/) was a free, web-based online chat service that allowed users to socialize with others without the need to register. The service randomly paired...
participate in are colony organization, social learning, socialization between cats, and socialization with humans. Free-living domestic cats tend to form...
school socialization causes students to internalize a strong sense of entitlement and social control or hierarchy. This form of socialization is called...
primary socialization is so much more firmly entrenched in consciousness than worlds internalized in secondary socialization…. Secondary socialization is the...
the United States, ethnic-racial socialization research has gained some attention. Parental ethnic-racial socialization is a way of passing down cultural...
Variations of the concept, include "privatize profits and socialize risks" (or "privatize gains and socialize risks") as well as "free markets for the poor while...
Spiders (order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight limbs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude...
A dolphin is an aquatic mammal within the infraorder Cetacea. Dolphin species belong to the families Delphinidae (the oceanic dolphins), Platanistidae...