Global InformationSmouldering myeloma information
| Smouldering myeloma | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Smoldering myeloma, Smoldering multiple myeloma, Indolent myeloma or Asymptomatic myeloma |
| Specialty | Hematology/oncology |
Smouldering myeloma is a disease classified as intermediate in a spectrum of step-wise progressive diseases termed plasma cell dyscrasias. In this spectrum of diseases, a clone of plasma cells secreting monoclonal paraprotein (also termed myeloma protein or M protein) causes the relatively benign disease of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. This clone proliferates and may slowly evolve into more aggressive sub-clones that cause smouldering multiple myeloma. Further and more rapid evolution causes the overtly malignant stage of multiple myeloma and can subsequently lead to the extremely malignant stage of secondary plasma cell leukemia.[1][2][3] Thus, some patients with smouldering myeloma progress to multiple myeloma and plasma cell leukemia. Smouldering myeloma, however, is not a malignant disease. It is characterised as a pre-malignant disease that lacks symptoms but is associated with bone marrow biopsy showing the presence of an abnormal number of clonal myeloma cells, blood and/or urine containing a myeloma protein, and a significant risk of developing into a malignant disease.[2]
- ^ Agarwal, Amit; Ghobrial, Irene M. (1 March 2013). "Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance and Smoldering Multiple Myeloma: A Review of the Current Understanding of Epidemiology, Biology, Risk Stratification, and Management of Myeloma Precursor Disease". Clinical Cancer Research. 19 (5): 985–994. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-2922. PMC 3593941. PMID 23224402.
- ^ a b Dutta, Ankit K.; Hewett, Duncan R.; Fink, J. Lynn; Grady, John P.; Zannettino, Andrew C. W. (July 2017). "Cutting edge genomics reveal new insights into tumour development, disease progression and therapeutic impacts in multiple myeloma". British Journal of Haematology. 178 (2): 196–208. doi:10.1111/bjh.14649. PMID 28466550.
- ^ van de Donk, Niels W. C. J.; Palumbo, Antonio; Johnsen, Hans Erik; Engelhardt, Monika; Gay, Francesca; Gregersen, Henrik; Hajek, Roman; Kleber, Martina; Ludwig, Heinz; Morgan, Gareth; Musto, Pellegrino; Plesner, Torben; Sezer, Orhan; Terpos, Evangelos; Waage, Anders; Zweegman, Sonja; Einsele, Hermann; Sonneveld, Pieter; Lokhorst, Henk M. (1 June 2014). "The clinical relevance and management of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and related disorders: recommendations from the European Myeloma Network". Haematologica. 99 (6): 984–996. doi:10.3324/haematol.2013.100552. PMC 4040895. PMID 24658815.