Global InformationSmart city information
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A smart city is a technologically modern urban area that uses different types of electronic methods and sensors to collect specific data. Information gained from that data is used to manage assets, resources and services efficiently; in return, that data is used to improve operations across the city.[1] This includes data collected from citizens, devices, buildings and assets that is processed and analyzed to monitor and manage traffic and transportation systems,[2] power plants, utilities, urban forestry,[3] water supply networks, waste, criminal investigations, information systems, schools, libraries, hospitals, and other community services.[4][5] Smart cities are defined as smart both in the ways in which their governments harness technology as well as in how they monitor, analyze, plan, and govern the city. In smart cities, the sharing of data is not limited to the city itself but also includes businesses, citizens and other third parties that can benefit from various uses of that data. Sharing data from different systems and sectors creates opportunities for increased understanding and economic benefits.[6][7]
The smart city concept integrates information and communication technology (ICT), and various physical devices connected to the Internet of things (IOT) network to optimize the efficiency of city operations and services and connect to citizens.[8][9] Smart city technology allows city officials to interact directly with both community and city infrastructure and to monitor what is happening in the city and how the city is evolving. ICT is used to enhance quality, performance and interactivity of urban services, to reduce costs and resource consumption and to increase contact between citizens and government.[10] Smart city applications are developed to manage urban flows and allow for real-time responses.[11] A smart city may therefore be more prepared to respond to challenges than one with a conventional "transactional" relationship with its citizens.[12][13] Yet, the term itself remains unclear in its specifics and therefore, open to many interpretations.[14] Many cities have already adopted some sort of smart city technology.
Smart city initiatives have been criticized as a marketing fad, poorly adapted to residents' needs, as largely unsuccessful, and as a dangerous move toward totalitarian surveillance.
- ^ Goldsmith, Stephen (16 September 2021). "As the Chorus of Dumb City Advocates Increases, How Do We Define the Truly Smart City?". datasmart.ash.harvard.edu. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
- ^ Fourtané, Susan (16 November 2018). "Connected Vehicles in Smart Cities: The Future of Transportation". Interesting Engineering.com. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
- ^ César de Lima Araújo, Henrique; Silva Martins, Fellipe; Tucunduva Philippi Cortese, Tatiana; Locosselli, Giuliano Maselli (2021). "Artificial intelligence in urban forestry—A systematic review". Urban Forestry and Urban Greening. 66: 127410. doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127410. S2CID 244416741.
- ^ McLaren, Duncan; Agyeman, Julian (2015). Sharing Cities: A Case for Truly Smart and Sustainable Cities. MIT Press. ISBN 9780262029728.
- ^ Musa, Sam (March 2018). "Smart Cities-A Road Map for Development". IEEE Potentials. 37 (2): 19–23. doi:10.1109/MPOT.2016.2566099. ISSN 1558-1772. S2CID 3767125. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
- ^ Paiho, Satu; Tuominen, Pekka; Rökman, Jyri; Ylikerälä, Markus; Pajula, Juha; Siikavirta, Hanne (2022). "Opportunities of collected city data for smart cities". IET Smart Cities. 4 (4): 275–291. doi:10.1049/smc2.12044. S2CID 253467923.
- ^ Kiran, Dr Deepti; Sharma, Itisha; Garg, Illa (2020). "Industry 5.0 And Smart Cities: A Futuristic Approach". European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine. 7 (8): 2750–2756. ISSN 2515-8260.
- ^ "The 3 Generations of Smart Cities". 10 August 2015. Archived from the original on 9 October 2017. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
- ^ Peris-Ortiz, Marta; Bennett, Dag R.; Yábar, Diana Pérez-Bustamante (2016). Sustainable Smart Cities: Creating Spaces for Technological, Social and Business Development. Springer. ISBN 9783319408958. Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
- ^ "Building a Smart City, Equitable City – NYC Forward". Archived from the original on 4 December 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
- ^ Komninos, Nicos (22 August 2013). "What makes cities intelligent?". In Deakin, Mark (ed.). Smart Cities: Governing, Modelling and Analysing the Transition. Taylor and Francis. p. 77. ISBN 978-1135124144.
- ^ Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (2013), p. 7 "As consumers of private goods and services we have been empowered by the Web and, as citizens, we expect the same quality from our public services. In turn, public authorities are seeking to reduce costs and raise performance by adopting similar approaches in the delivery of public services. However, the concept of a Smart City goes way beyond the transactional relationships between citizen and service provider. It is essentially enabling and encouraging the citizen to become a more active and participative member of the community"
- ^ Chan, Karin (3 April 2017). "What Is A 'Smart City'?". Expatriate Lifestyle. Archived from the original on 24 January 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
- ^ Hunt, Dexter; Rogers, Christopher; Cavada, Marianna (2014). Smart Cities: Contradicting Definitions and Unclear Measures. 4th World Sustainability Forum. MDPI. pp. f004. doi:10.3390/wsf-4-f004. Retrieved 16 March 2016.