Small nucleolar RNA SNORA73 information

Small nucleolar RNA SNORA73 family
Small nucleolar RNA SNORA73 family
	Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of SNORA73
Identifiers
Symbol	SNORA73
Alt. Symbols	U17
Rfam	RF00045
Other data
RNA type	Gene; snRNA; snoRNA; HACA-box
Domain(s)	Eukaryota
GO	GO:0006396 GO:0005730
SO	SO:0000594
PDB structures	PDBe

In molecular biology, the small nucleolar RNA SNORA73 (also called U17/E1 RNA) belongs to the H/ACA class of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). Vertebrate U17 is intron-encoded and ranges in length from 200-230 nucleotides, longer than most snoRNAs. It is one of the most abundant snoRNAs in human cells and is essential for the cleavage of pre-rRNA within the 5' external transcribed spacer (ETS).^[1] This cleavage leads to the formation of 18S rRNA. Regions of the U17 RNA are complementary to rRNA and act as guides for RNA/RNA interactions, although these regions do not seem to be well conserved between organisms.^[2]

There is evidence that SNORA73 (isoforms: SNORA73A and SNORA73B) functions as a regulator of chromatin function.^[3] SNORA73 is chromatin-associated RNA (caRNA) and stably linked to chromatin.^[4] Notably, SNORA73 can bind to PARP1, leading to the activation of its ADPRylation (PAR) function.^[5] SNORA73 Interacts with the PARP1 DNA-Binding Domain. In addition, the snoRNA-activated PARP1 ADPRylates DDX21 in cells to promote cell proliferation.^[6]

^ Enright CA, Maxwell ES, Eliceiri GL, Sollner-Webb B (November 1996). "5'ETS rRNA processing facilitated by four small RNAs: U14, E3, U17, and U3". RNA. 2 (11): 1094–9. PMC 1369439. PMID 8903340.
^ Cervelli M, Cecconi F, Giorgi M, Annesi F, Oliverio M, Mariottini P (February 2002). "Comparative structure analysis of vertebrate U17 small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA)". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 54 (2): 166–79. Bibcode:2002JMolE..54..166C. doi:10.1007/s00239-001-0065-2. PMID 11821910. S2CID 9424738.
^ Schubert, T; Pusch, MC; Diermeier, S; Benes, V; Kremmer, E; Imhof, A; Längst, G (9 November 2012). "Df31 protein and snoRNAs maintain accessible higher-order structures of chromatin". Molecular Cell. 48 (3): 434–44. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2012.08.021. PMID 23022379.
^ Schubert, T; Pusch, MC; Diermeier, S; Benes, V; Kremmer, E; Imhof, A; Längst, G (9 November 2012). "Df31 protein and snoRNAs maintain accessible higher-order structures of chromatin". Molecular Cell. 48 (3): 434–44. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2012.08.021. PMID 23022379.
^ Kim, DS; Camacho, CV; Nagari, A; Malladi, VS; Challa, S; Kraus, WL (19 September 2019). "Activation of PARP-1 by snoRNAs Controls Ribosome Biogenesis and Cell Growth via the RNA Helicase DDX21". Molecular Cell. 75 (6): 1270–1285.e14. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2019.06.020. PMC 6754283. PMID 31351877.
^ Kim, DS; Camacho, CV; Nagari, A; Malladi, VS; Challa, S; Kraus, WL (19 September 2019). "Activation of PARP-1 by snoRNAs Controls Ribosome Biogenesis and Cell Growth via the RNA Helicase DDX21". Molecular Cell. 75 (6): 1270–1285.e14. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2019.06.020. PMC 6754283. PMID 31351877.

[1] Enright CA, Maxwell ES, Eliceiri GL, Sollner-Webb B (November 1996). "5'ETS rRNA processing facilitated by four small RNAs: U14, E3, U17, and U3". RNA. 2 (11): 1094–9. PMC 1369439. PMID 8903340.

[2] Cervelli M, Cecconi F, Giorgi M, Annesi F, Oliverio M, Mariottini P (February 2002). "Comparative structure analysis of vertebrate U17 small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA)". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 54 (2): 166–79. Bibcode:2002JMolE..54..166C. doi:10.1007/s00239-001-0065-2. PMID 11821910. S2CID 9424738.

[3] Schubert, T; Pusch, MC; Diermeier, S; Benes, V; Kremmer, E; Imhof, A; Längst, G (9 November 2012). "Df31 protein and snoRNAs maintain accessible higher-order structures of chromatin". Molecular Cell. 48 (3): 434–44. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2012.08.021. PMID 23022379.

[4] Schubert, T; Pusch, MC; Diermeier, S; Benes, V; Kremmer, E; Imhof, A; Längst, G (9 November 2012). "Df31 protein and snoRNAs maintain accessible higher-order structures of chromatin". Molecular Cell. 48 (3): 434–44. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2012.08.021. PMID 23022379.

[5] Kim, DS; Camacho, CV; Nagari, A; Malladi, VS; Challa, S; Kraus, WL (19 September 2019). "Activation of PARP-1 by snoRNAs Controls Ribosome Biogenesis and Cell Growth via the RNA Helicase DDX21". Molecular Cell. 75 (6): 1270–1285.e14. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2019.06.020. PMC 6754283. PMID 31351877.

[6] Kim, DS; Camacho, CV; Nagari, A; Malladi, VS; Challa, S; Kraus, WL (19 September 2019). "Activation of PARP-1 by snoRNAs Controls Ribosome Biogenesis and Cell Growth via the RNA Helicase DDX21". Molecular Cell. 75 (6): 1270–1285.e14. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2019.06.020. PMC 6754283. PMID 31351877.