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A slowly changing dimension (SCD) in data management and data warehousing is a dimension which contains relatively static data which can change slowly but unpredictably, rather than according to a regular schedule.[1] Some examples of typical slowly changing dimensions are entities such as names of geographical locations, customers, or products.
Some scenarios can cause referential integrity problems.
For example, a database may contain a fact table that stores sales records. This fact table would be linked to dimensions by means of foreign keys. One of these dimensions may contain data about the company's salespeople: e.g., the regional offices in which they work. However, the salespeople are sometimes transferred from one regional office to another. For historical sales reporting purposes it may be necessary to keep a record of the fact that a particular sales person had been assigned to a particular regional office at an earlier date, whereas that sales person is now assigned to a different regional office. Using SCD can help solve this issue.
Dealing with these issues involves SCD management methodologies referred to as Type 0 through 6. Type 6 SCDs are also sometimes called Hybrid SCDs.
^Kimball, Ralph; Ross, Margy. The Data Warehouse Toolkit: The Complete Guide to Dimensional Modeling.
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