The singing Tesla coil, sometimes called a zeusaphone, thoramin or musical lightning, is a form of plasma speaker. It is a variety of a solid state Tesla coil that has been modified to produce musical tones by modulating its spark output. The resulting pitch is a low fidelity square wave like sound reminiscent of an analog synthesizer. The high-frequency signal acts in effect as a carrier wave; its frequency is significantly above human-audible sound frequencies, so that digital modulation can reproduce a recognizable pitch. The musical tone results directly from the passage of the spark through the air. Because solid-state coil drivers are limited to "on-off" modulation, the sound produced consists of square-like waveforms rather than sinusoidal (though simple chords are possible).
ArcAttack's singing Tesla coil at SXSW, March 14, 2007
The term "singing Tesla coil" was coined by David Nunez, the coordinator of the Austin, Texas chapter of Dorkbot, while describing a musical Tesla coil presentation by Joe DiPrima and Oliver Greaves during DorkBot's 2007 SXSW event. The term was then made popular by a CNET article describing the event.[1] They had been doing public performances with the technology since March 2006.[2] Shortly after that, DiPrima named their performance group "ArcAttack" and became the first musical group to ever use this technology in live performance.[3]
Early versions of musical Tesla coils generally used zero crossing threshold detectors as a method of producing music through their spark output, an example of this circuit was released by ctc-labs.de in 2009.[4] Scott Coppersmith was the first person to design a complete MIDI-based Tesla coil system.[5]
MIDI is the most common method of music production. It works by means of a microcontroller that is programmed to interpret MIDI data, and output a corresponding Pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal. This PWM signal is coupled to the Tesla coil through a fiber optic cable, and controls when the Tesla coil turns on and off.
^Terdiman, Daniel (March 10, 2007). "The singing tesla coils". Crave - CNET. Retrieved October 28, 2013.
^[1] Archived March 9, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
^Terdiman, Daniel (April 17, 2008). "ArcAttack brings singing Tesla coils to the masses". Geek Gestalt - CNET News. Retrieved October 28, 2013.
^"Musical SSTC/DRSSTC interrupter". 2009. Archived from the original on November 5, 2011. Retrieved October 26, 2021.
^"Fwd: MIDI (68HC11) controlled DRSSTC - TeslaPhonic Organ Project". Pupman.com. April 27, 2006. Retrieved October 28, 2013.
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