Singapore math (or Singapore maths in British English[1]) is a teaching method based on the national mathematics curriculum used for first through sixth grade in Singaporean schools.[2][3] The term was coined in the United States[4] to describe an approach originally developed in Singapore to teach students to learn and master fewer mathematical concepts at greater detail as well as having them learn these concepts using a three-step learning process: concrete, pictorial, and abstract.[2][3] In the concrete step, students engage in hands-on learning experiences using physical objects which can be everyday items such as paper clips, toy blocks or math manipulates such as counting bears, link cubes and fraction discs.[5] This is followed by drawing pictorial representations of mathematical concepts. Students then solve mathematical problems in an abstract way by using numbers and symbols.[6]
The development of Singapore math began in the 1980s when Singapore's Ministry of Education developed its own mathematics textbooks that focused on problem solving and developing thinking skills.[3][7] Outside Singapore, these textbooks were adopted by several schools in the United States and in other countries such as Canada, Israel, the Netherlands, Indonesia, Chile, Jordan, India, Pakistan, Thailand, Malaysia, Japan, South Korea, the Philippines and the United Kingdom.[1][8][9][10] Early adopters of these textbooks in the U.S. included parents interested in homeschooling as well as a limited number of schools.[3] These textbooks became more popular since the release of scores from international education surveys such as Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) and Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), which showed Singapore at the top three of the world since 1995.[11][12] U.S. editions of these textbooks have since been adopted by a large number of school districts as well as charter and private schools.[3]
^ abThe Independent (July 2, 2009). "Box clever: Singapore's magic formula for maths success". The Independent.
^ abBrown, Laura L. "What's Singapore Math?". PBS. Retrieved September 19, 2013.
^ abcdeHu, Winnie (September 30, 2010). "Making Math Lessons as Easy as 1, Pause, 2, Pause ..." The New York Times. New York, NY.
^Jackson, Bill (July 26, 2011). "Going Beyond Singapore Math: Resisting Quick Fixes" (PDF). Singapore Math Source. Retrieved July 19, 2014.
^Knake, Lindsay (December 2011). "Saginaw Township elementary schools implement hands-on Singapore math program". MLive. Grand Rapids, MI.
^Jackson, Bill (October 10, 2012). "My view: America's students can benefit from Singapore math". CNN. Atlanta, GA.
^Prystay, Cris (December 13, 2004). "As math skills slip, U.S. schools seek answers from Asia". The Wall Street Journal.
^Wong, Khoon Yoong; Lee, Ngan Hoe (February 19, 2009). "Singapore education and mathematics curriculum". In Wong Koon Yoong; Lee Peng Yee; Berinderjeet Kaur; Foong Pui Yee; Ng Swee Fong (eds.). Mathematics Education: The Singapore Journey. Vol. 2. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing. pp. 13–47. ISBN 978-981-283-375-4.
^"Mathemagis: Introducing Singapore Math in the Philippines". SmartParenting.com.ph. 2012-04-12. Retrieved 2019-09-27.
^Garelick, Barry (Fall 2006). "Miracle math: A successful program from Singapore tests the limits of school reform in the suburbs". Educational Next. 6.
^Cite error: The named reference timss2015 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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