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Simple polygon information


Two simple polygons (green and blue) and a self-intersecting polygon (red, in the lower right, not simple)

In geometry, a simple polygon is a polygon that does not intersect itself and has no holes. That is, it is a piecewise-linear Jordan curve consisting of finitely many line segments. These polygons include as special cases the convex polygons, star-shaped polygons, and monotone polygons.

The sum of external angles of a simple polygon is . Every simple polygon with sides can be triangulated by of its diagonals, and by the art gallery theorem its interior is visible from some of its vertices.

Simple polygons are commonly seen as the input to computational geometry problems, including point in polygon testing, area computation, the convex hull of a simple polygon, triangulation, and Euclidean shortest paths.

Other constructions in geometry related to simple polygons include Schwarz–Christoffel mapping, used to find conformal maps involving simple polygons, polygonalization of point sets, constructive solid geometry formulas for polygons, and visibility graphs of polygons.

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Simple polygon

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In geometry, a simple polygon is a polygon that does not intersect itself and has no holes. That is, it is a piecewise-linear Jordan curve consisting...

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Polygon

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is concerned only with simple and solid polygons, a polygon may refer only to a simple polygon or to a solid polygon. A polygonal chain may cross over itself...

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Polygonal chain

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simple closed polygonal chain in the plane is the boundary of a simple polygon. Often the term "polygon" is used in the meaning of "closed polygonal chain"...

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Polygon triangulation

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In computational geometry, polygon triangulation is the partition of a polygonal area (simple polygon) P into a set of triangles, i.e., finding a set of...

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Point in polygon

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issue of the Ray Tracing News. One simple way of finding whether the point is inside or outside a simple polygon is to test how many times a ray, starting...

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Star polygon

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notable ones can arise through truncation operations on regular simple or star polygons. Branko Grünbaum identified two primary usages of this terminology...

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Convex polygon

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interior and the boundary of the polygon. In particular, it is a simple polygon (not self-intersecting). Equivalently, a polygon is convex if every line that...

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Concave polygon

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A simple polygon that is not convex is called concave, non-convex or reentrant. A concave polygon will always have at least one reflex interior angle—that...

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Convex hull

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as for finite point sets, convex hulls have also been studied for simple polygons, Brownian motion, space curves, and epigraphs of functions. Convex...

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Weakly simple polygon

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In geometry, a weakly simple polygon is a generalization of a simple polygon, allowing the polygon sides to touch each other in limited ways. Different...

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Convex hull algorithms

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case, in which the points are given in the order of traversal of a simple polygon's boundary, is described later in a separate subsection. If not all points...

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Curve orientation

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simple polygon, the orientation of the resulting polygon is directly related to the sign of the angle at any vertex of the convex hull of the polygon...

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Convex hull of a simple polygon

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geometry, the convex hull of a simple polygon is the polygon of minimum perimeter that contains a given simple polygon. It is a special case of the more...

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Shoelace formula

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surveyor's formula, is a mathematical algorithm to determine the area of a simple polygon whose vertices are described by their Cartesian coordinates in the plane...

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Internal and external angles

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In geometry, an angle of a polygon is formed by two adjacent sides. For a simple (non-self-intersecting) polygon, regardless of whether it is convex or...

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Relative convex hull

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points inside a simple polygon or a rectifiable simple closed curve. Let P {\displaystyle P} be a simple polygon or a rectifiable simple closed curve, and...

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Jordan curve theorem

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lies inside or outside a simple polygon. From a given point, trace a ray that does not pass through any vertex of the polygon (all rays but a finite number...

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Regular polygon

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polygon is a polygon that is direct equiangular (all angles are equal in measure) and equilateral (all sides have the same length). Regular polygons may...

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Uniform tiling

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In geometry, a uniform tiling is a tessellation of the plane by regular polygon faces with the restriction of being vertex-transitive. Uniform tilings...

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Rectilinear polygon

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rectilinear polygon is a polygon all of whose sides meet at right angles. Thus the interior angle at each vertex is either 90° or 270°. Rectilinear polygons are...

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Second moment of area

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the origin for any simple polygon on the XY-plane can be computed in general by summing contributions from each segment of the polygon after dividing the...

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Monotone polygon

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extended to allow cases when some edges of P are orthogonal to L, and a simple polygon may be called monotone if a line segment that connects two points in...

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Angle

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that is part of a simple polygon is called an interior angle if it lies on the inside of that simple polygon. A simple concave polygon has at least one...

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Two ears theorem

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states that every simple polygon with more than three vertices has at least two ears, vertices that can be removed from the polygon without introducing...

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Fundamental polygon

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In mathematics, a fundamental polygon can be defined for every compact Riemann surface of genus greater than 0. It encodes not only the topology of the...

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