Group of Hawaiian plants that show remarkable diversity
Dubautia linearis
The silversword alliance, also known as the tarweeds,[1] refers to an adaptive radiation of around 30 species in the composite or sunflower family, Asteraceae. The group is endemic to Hawaii, and is derived from a single immigrant to the islands. For radiating from a common ancestor at an estimated 5.2±0.8 Ma, the clade is extremely diverse, composed of trees, shrubs, subshrubs, mat-plants, cushion plants, rosette plants, and lianas.[2]
The silversword alliance is named for its most famous and visually striking members, the silverswords. The species of the clade break down into three genera: Wilkesia, Argyroxiphium, and Dubautia.[3] There are three species of silverswords and two greenswords in the genus Argyroxiphium, confined to the islands of Maui and Hawaiʻi, and two species of Wilkesia (iliau) on Kauaʻi. The bulk of the species are placed in the genus Dubautia, which is widespread on all the main islands.
The genus Dubautia contains a wide variety of forms, including cushion plants, shrubs, trees, and lianas.[4]
Dubautia-silversword hybrid in Haleakalā crater
Similar species frequently occur in the same habitat and are often difficult to tell apart. Hybrids frequently occur between Dubautia species, and between Dubautia and Argyroxiphium. As a result, there is some disagreement over the number of species, with modern sources giving between 28 and 33 species.[5][6][7][8][9][10]
^Carlquist, S., B. G. Baldwin, and G. D. Carr, eds. 2003. Tarweeds & Silverswords: Evolution of the Madiinae (Asteraceae). Missouri Botanical Garden Press.
^Vickie Caraway, Gerald D. Carr and Clifford W. Morden (2001), "Assessment of hybridization and introgression in lava-colonizing Hawaiian Dubautia (Asteraceae: Madiinae) using RAPD markers", American Journal of Botany, 88 (9): 1688–1694, doi:10.2307/3558414, JSTOR 3558414, PMID 21669703
^Blonder, Benjamin; Baldwin, Bruce G.; Enquist, Brian J.; Robichaux, Robert H. (2016). "Variation and macroevolution in leaf functional traits in the Hawaiian silversword alliance (Asteraceae)" (PDF). Journal of Ecology. 104 (1): 219–228. doi:10.1111/1365-2745.12497. ISSN 1365-2745.
^Lawton‐Rauh, A.; Robichaux, R. H.; Purugganan, M. D. (2007). "Diversity and divergence patterns in regulatory genes suggest differential gene flow in recently derived species of the Hawaiian silversword alliance adaptive radiation (Asteraceae)". Molecular Ecology. 16 (19): 3995–4013. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03445.x. ISSN 1365-294X. PMID 17784920. S2CID 18623958.
^Friar, Elizabeth A.; McGlaughlin, Mitchell E. (2011-03-01). "Evolutionary diversification and geographical isolation in Dubautia laxa (Asteraceae), a widespread member of the Hawaiian silversword alliance". Annals of Botany. 107 (3): 357–370. doi:10.1093/aob/mcq252. ISSN 0305-7364. PMC 3043929. PMID 21193480.
^Friar, Elizabeth A.; Prince, Linda M.; Cruse-Sanders, Jennifer M.; McGlaughlin, Mitchell E.; Butterworth, Charles A.; Baldwin, Bruce G. (2008). "Hybrid Origin and Genomic Mosaicism of Dubautia scabra (Hawaiian Silversword Alliance; Asteraceae, Madiinae)". Systematic Botany. 33 (3): 589–597. doi:10.1600/036364408785679815. ISSN 0363-6445. JSTOR 40211922. S2CID 86257628.
^Sanderson, Michael J.; Baldwin, Bruce G. (1998-08-04). "Age and rate of diversification of the Hawaiian silversword alliance (Compositae)". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 95 (16): 9402–9406. Bibcode:1998PNAS...95.9402B. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.16.9402. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 21350. PMID 9689092.
The silverswordalliance, also known as the tarweeds, refers to an adaptive radiation of around 30 species in the composite or sunflower family, Asteraceae...
the silverswordalliance, a group of over 50 species which are diverse in morphology and habitat but are genetically closely related. The silversword alliance...
Dubautia and Wilkesia. This grouping is often referred to as the silverswordalliance. Botanist P. H. Raven referred to this radiation as "the best example...
suggest extremely rapid evolution from a single precursor species. The silverswordalliance is considered the most dramatic example of adaptive radiation among...
dying. The Hawaiian silverswordalliance consists of twenty-eight species of Hawaiian plants which, aside from the namesake silverswords, includes trees,...
Hawaiian Islands some 4 million years ago. Another example is the Silverswordalliance, a group of perennial plant species, also endemic to the Hawaiian...
The Mauna Loa silversword, Argyroxiphium kauense, or Kaʻū silversword, is a rare species of flowering plant in the aster family. It is endemic to the...
raillardiopsis, and Muir's raillardella. This plant is related to the silverswordalliance of Hawaiian plants. The genus was named for the American botanist...
The members of these three genera constitute what is called the silverswordalliance, a group whose exceedingly close genetic heritage is not reflected...
the island of Kauaʻi in Hawaiʻi. Wilkesia is a component of the silverswordalliance and is named after Captain Charles Wilkes. Species Wilkesia gymnoxiphium...
Hawaii. It contains more species than the other two genera in the silverswordalliance, including cushion plants, shrubs, trees, and lianas. Accepted species...
Hawaii is the silverswordalliance, which is a group of thirty species found only on those islands. Members range from the silverswords that flower spectacularly...
the main population at ʻEke Crater is now protected by fencing. Silverswordalliance Bruegmann, M.M.; Caraway, V. (2003). "Argyroxiphium caliginis". IUCN...
Hawaii (island), Maui, Molokai, and Lanai. It is a member of the silverswordalliance. Two subspecies have been described, with the nominate subspecies...
species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. A member of the silverswordalliance, it is endemic to the island of Hawaiʻi. It is a shrub or small tree...
of Kaua'i in the state of Hawaii, United States. A member of the Silverswordalliance, it only grows in the understory of mesic Hawaiian tropical rainforests...
other Dubautia this plant is known as na`ena`e. This member of the silverswordalliance was part of Dubautia laxa until 2005, when it was separated and described...
other Dubautia this plant is known as naʻenaʻe. This member of the silverswordalliance was discovered growing on a cliff along the Kalalau Rim adjacent...
dubautia. It is endemic to Hawaii where it is the only member of the silverswordalliance that is found on all six of the largest islands (Kaua'i, O'ahu, Moloka'i...
Sword or Silversword may refer to: Silver Sword (botany) or Argyroxiphium, a genus of plants in the sunflower family, Asteraceae Silverswordalliance, an adaptive...
1992. The genus Wilkesia is one of three genera constituting the silverswordalliance, a group of highly diverse yet genetically exceedingly closely related...
Gerald (1997-03-20). "Argyroxiphium virescens Hillebrand". Hawaiian SilverswordAlliance. University of Hawaii. Archived from the original on 18 September...
endemic to Oahu, Hawaii. Dubautia herbstobatae, a member of the silverswordalliance, is a spreading shrub that produces yellowish-orange flowers. Leaf...
(unrelated) plants as the aeoniums on the Canary Islands or the silverswordalliance of the Hawaiian Islands. The subfamily is sometimes further divided...
this plant is called na`ena`e. Dubautia latifolia, a member of the silverswordalliance, grows in scattered locations in the moist and wet forests near Waimea...
of the mountain. Dubautia waialealae, a distinctive member of the silverswordalliance, takes the form of a dense, rounded, cushionlike clump 10 to 50 centimeters...
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