Silaces information

Silaces (also spelled Sillakes) was a Parthian commander who fought against the Roman general and triumvir Marcus Licinius Crassus. Initially the satrap of Ichnae, a fortress in Mesopotamia, he was defeated and wounded by Crassus' forces, and fled to the Parthian court, where he informed king Orodes II (r. 57–37 BC) of the Roman invasion.^[1] Silaces later commanded the Parthian contingent alongside Surena at the Battle of Carrhae in 53 BC, where Crassus was defeated and killed.^[2] Crassus' defeat at Carrhae was one of the worst military defeats of Roman history.^[3] Parthia's victory cemented its reputation as a formidable if not equal power with Rome.^[4] While Orodes and Artavasdes II of Armenia were observing a play of The Bacchae of Euripides (c. 480–406 BC) at the Armenian court in honor of the wedding of Orodes' son Pacorus I and Artavasdes' sister, Silaces announced the news of the victory at Carrhae, and put the head of Crassus at Orodes' feet.^[5] The head was given to the producer of the play, who decided to use Crassus' actual severed head in place of the stage-prop head of Pentheus.^[6]

^ Cassius Dio, Book 40, 12.1.
^ Plutarch, vol III. XXI.
^ Kennedy 1996, p. 78.
^ Bivar 1983, pp. 55–56; Brosius 2006, p. 96
^ Dąbrowa 2018, p. 80; Bivar 1983, p. 56
^ Bivar 1983, p. 56.

[CS1-1] Cassius Dio, Book 40, 12.1.

[PLS-2] Plutarch, vol III. XXI.

[FOOTNOTEKennedy199678-3] Kennedy 1996, p. 78.

[4] Bivar 1983, pp. 55–56; Brosius 2006, p. 96

[5] Dąbrowa 2018, p. 80; Bivar 1983, p. 56

[FOOTNOTEBivar198356-6] Bivar 1983, p. 56.