Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's 12th district
In office January 3, 1969 – January 3, 1983
Preceded by
Edna Kelly
Succeeded by
Major Owens
Member of the New York State Assembly
In office January 1, 1965 – December 31, 1968
Preceded by
Thomas Jones
Succeeded by
Thomas R. Fortune
Constituency
17th district (1965) 45th district (1966) 55th district (1967–1968)
Personal details
Born
Shirley Anita St. Hill
(1924-11-30)November 30, 1924 Brooklyn, New York, U.S.
Died
January 1, 2005(2005-01-01) (aged 80) Ormond Beach, Florida, U.S.
Resting place
Forest Lawn Cemetery
Political party
Democratic
Spouses
Conrad Chisholm
(m. 1949; div. 1977)
Arthur Hardwick Jr.
(m. 1977; died 1986)
Education
Brooklyn College (BA)
Columbia University (MA)
Shirley Anita Chisholm (/ˈtʃɪzəm/CHIZ-əm; née St. Hill; November 30, 1924 – January 1, 2005) was an American politician who, in 1968, became the first black woman to be elected to the United States Congress.[1] Chisholm represented New York's 12th congressional district, a district centered in Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn[a] for seven terms from 1969 to 1983. In 1972, she became the first black candidate for a major-party nomination for President of the United States and the first woman to run for the Democratic Party's presidential nomination. Throughout her career, she was known for taking "a resolute stand against economic, social, and political injustices,"[2][3][4][5] as well as being a strong supporter of black civil rights and women's rights.[6][7][8][9]
Born in Brooklyn, New York, she spent ages five through nine in Barbados, and she always considered herself a Barbadian American. She excelled at school and earned her college degree in the United States. She started working in early childhood education, and she became involved in local Democratic Party politics in the 1950s. In 1964, overcoming some resistance because she was a woman, she was elected to the New York State Assembly. Four years later, she was elected to Congress, where she led the expansion of food and nutrition programs for the poor and rose to party leadership. She retired from Congress in 1983 and taught at Mount Holyoke College while continuing her political organizing. Although nominated for the ambassadorship to Jamaica in 1993, health issues caused her to withdraw. In 2015, Chisholm was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
^Freeman, Jo (February 2005). "Shirley Chisholm's 1972 Presidential Campaign". University of Illinois at Chicago Women's History Project. Archived from the original on November 11, 2014.
^Fraser, Zinga A. (2022). "Beyond the Symbolism: Shirley Chisholm, Black Feminism, and Women's Politics". In Giles KN; Rachel Jessica Daniel; Laura L Lovett (eds.). It's Our Movement Now: Black Women's Politics and the 1977 National Women's Conference. University Press of Florida. pp. 175–184. doi:10.5744/florida/9780813069487.003.0014. ISBN 978-0-8130-6948-7. Retrieved August 22, 2023.
^Curwood, Anastasia (2015). "Black Feminism on Capitol Hill: Shirley Chisholm and Movement Politics, 1968–1984". Meridians. 13 (1): 204–232. doi:10.2979/meridians.13.1.204. ISSN 1536-6936. JSTOR 10.2979/meridians.13.1.204. S2CID 142146607.
^Winslow, Barbara (April 27, 2018). Shirley Chisholm: Catalyst for Change, 1926–2005 (1 ed.). Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780429493126. ISBN 978-0-429-49312-6. S2CID 259517966.
^Guild, Joshua (2020), "11 To Make That Someday Come: Shirley Chisholm's Radical Politics of Possibility", Want to Start a Revolution?, New York University Press, pp. 248–270, doi:10.18574/nyu/9780814733127.003.0015, ISBN 978-0-8147-3312-7, retrieved August 22, 2023
^Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Shirley Chisholm, "For the Equal Rights Amendment," Speech Text". Voices of Democracy. Retrieved August 22, 2023.
^Curwood, Anastasia C. (2023). Shirley Chisholm: Champion of Black Feminist Power Politics. The University of North Carolina Press. doi:10.1353/book.109689. ISBN 978-1-4696-7119-2. S2CID 259517966.
^Chisholm, Shirley (1983). "Racism and Anti-Feminism". The Black Scholar. 14 (5): 2–7. doi:10.1080/00064246.1983.11414282. ISSN 0006-4246. JSTOR 41067044.
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
Shirley Anita Chisholm (/ˈtʃɪzəm/ CHIZ-əm; née St. Hill; November 30, 1924 – January 1, 2005) was an American politician who, in 1968, became the first...
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Motion Picture. King next produced Netflix's Shirley, a biopic about the first black congresswoman ShirleyChisholm during her historic presidential campaign...
ShirleyChisholm State Park is a 407-acre (1.65 km2) state park in southeastern Brooklyn, New York City. It is bound by Belt Parkway and Spring Creek Park...
categories for the same role.[better source needed] In 2020, Aduba played ShirleyChisholm in the Hulu miniseries Mrs. America, for which she won a Emmy Award...
none won any contests. Jackson was the second African-American (after ShirleyChisholm) to mount a nationwide campaign for the presidency, and he was the...
Caucus (NWPC), including such notables as Bella Abzug, Betty Friedan, ShirleyChisholm, and Myrlie Evers-Williams. As a co-convener of the Caucus, she delivered...
nominee of the Communist Party USA, winning 1,075 votes. In 1972, ShirleyChisholm became the first black candidate for a major party's presidential nomination...
She started her career by working on the presidential campaign of ShirleyChisholm, and she later was involved with the Black Panther Party. After working...
British silent film Shirley (2020 film), an American film Shirley (2024 film), an American biographical film about ShirleyChisholmShirley (album), a 1961...
district. He was first elected to replace retiring Representative ShirleyChisholm. Owens shepherded the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 through...
amid a growing economic crisis, Muskie led Nixon. U.S. Representative ShirleyChisholm from Queens announced her candidacy in January 1972, making her the...
Dawson in 1949. The first African-American woman was Representative ShirleyChisholm in 1968, and the first African American to become Dean of the House...
Schodack Island Schunemunk Mountain Selkirk Shores Seneca Lake Shadmoor ShirleyChisholm Silver Lake Sonnenberg Gardens Southwick Beach St. Lawrence State Park...
become a major lobbying force. In 1969, newly elected representative ShirleyChisholm of New York gave her famous speech "Equal Rights for Women" on the...
the 1972 Democratic National Convention in support of Congresswoman ShirleyChisholm. That year at the DNC Friedan played a very prominent role and addressed...
1971, Abzug joined other leading feminists such as Gloria Steinem, ShirleyChisholm, and Betty Friedan to found the National Women's Political Caucus....
Jackson, Alabama Governor George Wallace, and New York Congresswoman ShirleyChisholm. This was the first presidential election after the McGovern–Fraser...
her community. On March 20, 2015, Joanne Smith was awarded with a ShirleyChisholm Women of Distinction award at Brooklyn Public Library Central Branch...
hospital by Democratic Representative and presidential primary rival ShirleyChisholm, a representative from Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn. At the time, she...
group of black members of the House of Representatives, including ShirleyChisholm of New York, Louis Stokes of Ohio and William L. Clay of Missouri....
(January 9, 2024). "Regina King Inspires as Presidential Candidate ShirleyChisholm in a New Biopic". Netflix. Archived from the original on January 9...
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