Sham Legion information

Sham Legion
Sham Legion
فَيْلَق الشَّام; Faylaq al-Sham
	; Logo of the Sham Legion; ; Flag of the Sham Legion
Leaders	Commander-in-chief: Fadlallah al-Haji; Leader (2014): Mondher Saras; Top commander: Col. Mohammad Bakkar †; Field commander: Zuheir Harba †; Senior commander: Feisal Balkash †; Field commander (2014–18): Maj. Yasser Abdul Rahim; Field commander: Khaldun Mador ("Abu Jamil");
Dates of operation	10 March 2014 – present
Active regions	Western and northern Syria Aleppo Governorate; Idlib Governorate; Hama Governorate; Latakia Governorate; Homs Governorate (2014–18);
Ideology	Sunni Islamism
Size	4,000; (Russian military claim, December 2016) ; 8,500-10,000 fighters (2018 estimate)
Part of	Syrian Revolutionary Command Council (2014–15); Fatah Halab (2015–16); Army of Conquest; (2015–16); Northern Homs Countryside Operations Room; Mare' Operations Room (2014–16); Hawar Kilis Operations Room (since 2016); Northern Hama Countryside Operations Room; ; Revolutionaries of Atarib (March–April 2018); National Front for Liberation (since May 2018);
Allies	Army of Mujahideen; Islamic Front (2014–15); Free Syrian Army; Turkey; Ahrar al-Sham; Tahrir al-Sham (sometimes);
Opponents	Syrian Arab Republic; Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant; Syrian Democratic Forces; Tahrir al-Sham (sometimes); Ahrar al-Sharqiya; Ansar Abu Bakr al-Siddiq;
Battles and wars	Syrian Civil War Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian Civil War Al-Nusra Front–SRF/Hazzm Movement conflict; Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict; ; 2014 Idlib offensive; Battle of Morek; Battle of Idlib (2015); 2016 Aleppo summer campaign; Operation Euphrates Shield; Northwestern Syria campaign (October 2017–February 2018); Operation Olive Branch; Northwestern Syria offensive (April–August 2019); 2022 Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes;
	Preceded by; Shields of the Revolution Council; Civilian Protection Committee Unified Military Council (Idlib);

The Sham Legion (Arabic: فَيْلَق الشَّام, Faylaq al-Shām^[1]) is an alliance of Sunni Islamist rebel groups formed in March 2014, during the Syrian Civil War.^[1] The alliance was formed from 19 different groups,^[22] some of which were previously affiliated with the Muslim Brotherhood of Syria and the Shields of the Revolution Council.^[1]^[23]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "The Sham Legion: Syria's Moderate Islamists". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 15 April 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
^ Charkatli, Izat (10 July 2016). "Prominent rebel commander killed in Mallah battles". Al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 1 May 2019. Retrieved 10 July 2016.
^ Fadel, Leith (9 July 2016). "Jihadist rebels suffer heavy casualties in failed northern Aleppo offensive". Archived from the original on 1 May 2019. Retrieved 12 July 2016.
^ "Senior Terrorist Commanders Killed in Failed Attacks on Gov't Positions in Aleppo". Farsnews. 10 July 2016. Archived from the original on 25 February 2017. Retrieved 10 July 2016.
^ "Who Are the Pro-Turkey Rebels Advancing on Syria's Afrin". Naharnet. 22 January 2018. Retrieved 22 January 2018.
^ ^a ^b "The "Sham Corps" isolates leader Yasser Abdel Rahim". Enab Baladi. 7 February 2018.
^ "Al Qaeda and allies gain more ground in Aleppo province". The Long War Journal. 24 June 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
^ "Yes, there are 70,000 moderate opposition fighters in Syria". Spectator Blogs. Archived from the original on 28 November 2015. Retrieved 29 November 2015.
^ "List of armed formations, which joined the ceasefire in the Syrian Arab Republic on December 30, 2016". Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
^ "Pro-Turkey rebels start pullout from Syria's Idlib under deal | DW | 30.09.2018". Deutsche Welle.
^ "New alliance could signal end of Islamic Front". As-Safir. 4 August 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
^ "The biggest rebel factions in Aleppo just formed coalition "Operation Conquest of Aleppo". Source is a facebook video uploaded 20 mins ago by the Syrian Revolution 2011 facebook page. : syriancivilwar". reddit. 26 April 2015.
^ "Inside the Victory Army restructuring: Infighting led to 'breakdown of our operational effectiveness'". Retrieved 12 July 2016.
^ "WinningLooksLike comments on FSA, Jabhat a-Nusra ally in north Homs ahead of expected Russian-backed offensive". reddit. 6 October 2015.
^ "Factions involved in North Aleppo's Opposition/SDF Conflict". Archicivilians. 1 December 2015. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2015.
^ "Official statement listing groups involved in the 'North Hama Countryside Operations Room' - Jaish al-Nasr, Jaish al-Izza, Faylaq al-Sham, Abna al-Sham, Liwa Omar • r/syriancivilwar". reddit. 5 November 2016.
^ "11 FSA Factions in New Command in of "National Front Liberation"". Syria Call. 28 May 2018. Archived from the original on 18 November 2018. Retrieved 29 May 2018.
^ ^a ^b "Freedom, Human Rights, Rule of Law: The Goals and Guiding Principles of the Islamic Front and Its Allies". Democratic Revolution, Syrian Style. 17 May 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2014.
^ "Syrian War Daily – 2nd of March 2018". 2 March 2018.
^ "Rebels launch full-on assault of Idlib city". Syria Direct. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
^ Abdullah al-Mousa (29 October 2020). "The Sham Legion ... the transformations, the network of relations, and the unique case in militarism". Syria TV.
^ "Nineteen Syrian Opposition Groups Unite under 'Al-Sham Legion'". Syria 360°. 11 March 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2014.
^ Cody Roche Syrian Opposition Factions in the Syrian Civil War, Bellingcat, 13 August 2016

[ceip15april-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "The Sham Legion: Syria's Moderate Islamists". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 15 April 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2014.

[2] Charkatli, Izat (10 July 2016). "Prominent rebel commander killed in Mallah battles". Al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 1 May 2019. Retrieved 10 July 2016.

[3] Fadel, Leith (9 July 2016). "Jihadist rebels suffer heavy casualties in failed northern Aleppo offensive". Archived from the original on 1 May 2019. Retrieved 12 July 2016.

[4] "Senior Terrorist Commanders Killed in Failed Attacks on Gov't Positions in Aleppo". Farsnews. 10 July 2016. Archived from the original on 25 February 2017. Retrieved 10 July 2016.

[who_rebels-5] "Who Are the Pro-Turkey Rebels Advancing on Syria's Afrin". Naharnet. 22 January 2018. Retrieved 22 January 2018.

[isolates-6] "The "Sham Corps" isolates leader Yasser Abdel Rahim". Enab Baladi. 7 February 2018.

[7] "Al Qaeda and allies gain more ground in Aleppo province". The Long War Journal. 24 June 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2016.

[8] "Yes, there are 70,000 moderate opposition fighters in Syria". Spectator Blogs. Archived from the original on 28 November 2015. Retrieved 29 November 2015.

[9] "List of armed formations, which joined the ceasefire in the Syrian Arab Republic on December 30, 2016". Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation. Retrieved 30 December 2016.

[10] "Pro-Turkey rebels start pullout from Syria's Idlib under deal | DW | 30.09.2018". Deutsche Welle.

[11] "New alliance could signal end of Islamic Front". As-Safir. 4 August 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2014.

[12] "The biggest rebel factions in Aleppo just formed coalition "Operation Conquest of Aleppo". Source is a facebook video uploaded 20 mins ago by the Syrian Revolution 2011 facebook page. : syriancivilwar". reddit. 26 April 2015.

[13] "Inside the Victory Army restructuring: Infighting led to 'breakdown of our operational effectiveness'". Retrieved 12 July 2016.

[14] "WinningLooksLike comments on FSA, Jabhat a-Nusra ally in north Homs ahead of expected Russian-backed offensive". reddit. 6 October 2015.

[15] "Factions involved in North Aleppo's Opposition/SDF Conflict". Archicivilians. 1 December 2015. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2015.

[16] "Official statement listing groups involved in the 'North Hama Countryside Operations Room' - Jaish al-Nasr, Jaish al-Izza, Faylaq al-Sham, Abna al-Sham, Liwa Omar • r/syriancivilwar". reddit. 5 November 2016.

[call-17] "11 FSA Factions in New Command in of "National Front Liberation"". Syria Call. 28 May 2018. Archived from the original on 18 November 2018. Retrieved 29 May 2018.

[ngs-18] "Freedom, Human Rights, Rule of Law: The Goals and Guiding Principles of the Islamic Front and Its Allies". Democratic Revolution, Syrian Style. 17 May 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2014.

[19] "Syrian War Daily – 2nd of March 2018". 2 March 2018.

[20] "Rebels launch full-on assault of Idlib city". Syria Direct. Retrieved 25 March 2015.

[21] Abdullah al-Mousa (29 October 2020). "The Sham Legion ... the transformations, the network of relations, and the unique case in militarism". Syria TV.

[22] "Nineteen Syrian Opposition Groups Unite under 'Al-Sham Legion'". Syria 360°. 11 March 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2014.

[23] Cody Roche Syrian Opposition Factions in the Syrian Civil War, Bellingcat, 13 August 2016

Sham Legion
فَيْلَق الشَّام Faylaq al-Sham
Logo of the Sham Legion Flag of the Sham Legion
Leaders	Commander-in-chief: Fadlallah al-Haji Leader (2014): Mondher Saras^[1] Top commander: Col. Mohammad Bakkar †^[2] Field commander: Zuheir Harba †^[3] Senior commander: Feisal Balkash †^[4] Field commander (2014–18): Maj. Yasser Abdul Rahim^[5]^[6] Field commander: Khaldun Mador ("Abu Jamil")^[6]
Dates of operation	10 March 2014 – present^[1]
Active regions	Western and northern Syria Aleppo Governorate Idlib Governorate Hama Governorate Latakia Governorate Homs Governorate (2014–18)
Ideology	Sunni Islamism^[1]^[7]
Size	4,000^[8]^[9] (Russian military claim, December 2016) 8,500-10,000 fighters (2018 estimate)^[10]
Part of	Syrian Revolutionary Command Council^[11] (2014–15) Fatah Halab^[12] (2015–16) Army of Conquest^[13] (2015–16) Northern Homs Countryside Operations Room^[14] Mare' Operations Room^[15] (2014–16) Hawar Kilis Operations Room (since 2016) Northern Hama Countryside Operations Room ^[16] Revolutionaries of Atarib (March–April 2018) National Front for Liberation (since May 2018)^[17]
Allies	Army of Mujahideen Islamic Front^[18] (2014–15) Free Syrian Army Turkey Ahrar al-Sham Tahrir al-Sham (sometimes)
Opponents	Syrian Arab Republic Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant^[18] Syrian Democratic Forces Tahrir al-Sham (sometimes) Ahrar al-Sharqiya Ansar Abu Bakr al-Siddiq
Battles and wars	Syrian Civil War Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian Civil War Al-Nusra Front–SRF/Hazzm Movement conflict Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict^[19] 2014 Idlib offensive Battle of Morek^[1] Battle of Idlib (2015)^[20] 2016 Aleppo summer campaign Operation Euphrates Shield Northwestern Syria campaign (October 2017–February 2018) Operation Olive Branch Northwestern Syria offensive (April–August 2019) 2022 Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes
Preceded by Shields of the Revolution Council Civilian Protection Committee^[21] Unified Military Council (Idlib)

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