Forensic facial reconstruction by Mikhail M. Gerasimov
Ruler of the Timurid Empire
Reign
20 February 1405 – 13 March 1447
Predecessor
Timur
Successor
Ulugh Beg
Born
(1377-08-20)20 August 1377 Samarkand, Timurid Empire
Died
13 March 1447(1447-03-13) (aged 69) Rayy, Timurid Empire
Burial
Gur-e-Amir, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Consort
Gawhar Shad
Wives
Malikat Agha
Tuti Agha
Aq Sultan Agha
Mihr Nigar Agha
La'l Takin Agha
Issue
Ulugh Beg
Sultan Ibrahim
Baysunghur
Soyurghatmish
Muhammad Juki
Several others
Names
Sultan Mahmud[1] Moin-ud-din Shah Rukh[2]
Dynasty
Timurid
Father
Timur
Mother
Taghay Tarkhan Agha
Religion
Sunni Islam
Shah Rukh or Shahrukh Mirza (Persian: شاهرخ, Šāhrokh;[note 1] 20 August 1377 – 13 March 1447) was the ruler of the Timurid Empire between 1405 and 1447.
He was the son of the Central Asian conqueror Timur (Tamerlane), who founded the Timurid dynasty in 1370. However, Shah Rukh ruled only over the eastern portion of the empire established by his father, comprising most of Persia and Transoxiana, the western territories having been lost to invaders in the aftermath of Timur's death. In spite of this, Shah Rukh's empire remained a cohesive dominion of considerable extent throughout his reign, as well as a dominant power in Asia.
Shah Rukh controlled the main trade routes between Asia and Europe, including the legendary Silk Road, and became immensely wealthy as a result. He chose to have his capital not in Samarqand as his father had done, but in Herat. This was to become the political centre of the Timurid empire and residence of his principal successors, though both cities benefited from the wealth and privilege of Shah Rukh's court.
Shah Rukh was a great patron of the arts and sciences, which flourished under his rule. He spent his reign focusing on the stability of his lands, as well as maintaining political and economic relations with neighbouring kingdoms. In the view of historians Thomas W. Lentz and Glenn D. Lowry, "unlike his father, Shahrukh ruled the Timurid empire, not as a Turco-Mongol warlord-conqueror, but as an Islamic sultan. In dynastic chronicles he is exalted as a man of great piety, diplomacy, and modesty—a model Islamic ruler who repaired much of the physical and psychological damage caused by his father."[3]
^Binbas, İlker Evrim (2016). Intellectual Networks in Timurid Iran: Sharaf al-Dīn 'Alī Yazdī and the Islamicate Republic of Letters. Cambridge University Press. p. 265. ISBN 978-1-107-05424-0.
^Barzegar, Karim Najafi (2000). Mughal-Iranian relations: during sixteenth century. Indian Bibliographies Bureau. p. 17. ISBN 978-81-85004-60-0.
^Lentz, Thomas W.; Lowry, Glenn D. (1989). Timur & Princely Vision. Smithsonian. p. 80. ISBN 978-0-87474-706-5.
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