Selective logging in the Amazon rainforest information
Selective logging or partial forest removal is the practice of cutting down a few species of trees while leaving the rest intact and unharmed. Selective logging is often considered a better alternative to clear cutting.[1]
Selective logging in the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest was recently shown in analyses of Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus data at high spatial resolution to be occurring at rates of about 12,000–20,000 km2 per year,[2] thus indicating the central role of selective logging in tropical forest disturbance. Although selective logging has far less impact on forest processes than deforestation, selectively logged sites have higher rates of forest fires,[3][4] tree fall,[5] changes in microclimate,[6] soil compaction and erosion,[7] among other ecological impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.[8][9][10]
Selective logging is a dominant form of land use in the Brazilian Amazon. Canopy gap fractions patterns are found to result from selective logging caused tree falls, roads, skid trails, and log decks, which are areas where logs are staged for transport. These gaps can vary between logging operations. Logging activities has now increased from initially low volume harvests of floodplains to much higher rates that remove around 25 million cubic metres (880×10^6 cu ft) of wood from the forest each year. The ecological, social, and economic impacts drive a better understanding of efficient forest management techniques and deforestation.[11][12]
^Shwartz, Mark (2005-10-21). "Selective logging causes widespread destruction". Stanford University News Online. Retrieved 2005-10-21.
^Asner, Gregory; Knapp, David; Broadbent, Paulo; Keller, Michael; Silva, Jose (2005). "Selective logging in the Brazilian Amazon". Science Magazine. 310 (5747): 480–482. Bibcode:2005Sci...310..480A. doi:10.1126/science.1118051. PMID 16239474.
^Cochrane, Mark (2003). "Fire science for rainforests". Nature. 421 (6926): 913–919. Bibcode:2003Natur.421..913C. doi:10.1038/nature01437. PMID 12606992.
^Ray, David.; Nepstad, Daniel; Moutinho, Paulo (2005). "MICROMETEOROLOGICAL AND CANOPY CONTROLS OF FIRE SUSCEPTIBILITY IN A FORESTED AMAZON LANDSCAPE". Ecological Applications. 15 (5): 1664–1678. doi:10.1890/05-0404.
^França, Filipe M.; Frazão, Fábio S.; Korasaki, Vanesca; Louzada, Júlio; Barlow, Jos (2017). "Identifying thresholds of logging intensity on dung beetle communities to improve the sustainable management of Amazonian tropical forests" (PDF). Biological Conservation. 216: 115–122. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2017.10.014.
^Barlow, Jos; Lennox, Gareth D.; Ferreira, Joice; Berenguer, Erika; Lees, Alexander C.; Nally, Ralph Mac; Thomson, James R.; Ferraz, Silvio Frosini de Barros; Louzada, Julio (2016). "Anthropogenic disturbance in tropical forests can double biodiversity loss from deforestation" (PDF). Nature. 535 (7610): 144–147. Bibcode:2016Natur.535..144B. doi:10.1038/nature18326. PMID 27362236.
^França, Filipe; Louzada, Julio; Korasaki, Vanesca; Griffiths, Hannah; Silveira, Juliana M; Barlow, Jos (2016). "Do space-for-time assessments underestimate the impacts of logging on tropical biodiversity? An Amazonian case study using dung beetles". Journal of Applied Ecology. 53 (4): 1098. doi:10.1111/1365-2664.12657.
^Asner, Gregory P.; Keller, Michael; Lentini, Marco; Merry, Frank; Souza, Jr., Carlos. 2009. Selective logging and its relation to deforestation. In: Keller, M.; Bustamente, M.; Gash, J.; Dias, P.S., eds. Amazonia and global change. Geophysical Monograph Series. Vol. 186. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union. p. 25-42.
^ASNER, GREGORY P.; KELLER, MICHAEL; SILVA, JOSEN M. 2004. Spatial and temporal dynamics of forest canopy gaps following selective logging in the eastern Amazon. Global Change Biology 10, :765–783
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