Movement or transport of seeds away from the parent plant
In spermatophyte plants, seed dispersal is the movement, spread or transport of seeds away from the parent plant.[1] Plants have limited mobility and rely upon a variety of dispersal vectors to transport their seeds, including both abiotic vectors, such as the wind, and living (biotic) vectors such as birds. Seeds can be dispersed away from the parent plant individually or collectively, as well as dispersed in both space and time. The patterns of seed dispersal are determined in large part by the dispersal mechanism and this has important implications for the demographic and genetic structure of plant populations, as well as migration patterns and species interactions. There are five main modes of seed dispersal: gravity, wind, ballistic, water, and by animals. Some plants are serotinous and only disperse their seeds in response to an environmental stimulus. These modes are typically inferred based on adaptations, such as wings or fleshy fruit.[1] However, this simplified view may ignore complexity in dispersal. Plants can disperse via modes without possessing the typical associated adaptations and plant traits may be multifunctional.[2][3]
Epilobium hirsutum seed head dispersing seeds
^ ab
Howe, H F; Smallwood, J (November 1982). "Ecology of Seed Dispersal". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 13 (1): 201–228. doi:10.1146/annurev.es.13.110182.001221. ISSN 0066-4162.
^Green, Andy J.; Baltzinger, Christophe; Lovas-Kiss, Ádám (2021-06-24). "Plant dispersal syndromes are unreliable, especially for predicting zoochory and long-distance dispersal". Oikos. 2022 (2). doi:10.1111/oik.08327. hdl:10261/246285. ISSN 0030-1299. S2CID 237880167.
^Bullock, James M.; Shea, Katriona; Skarpaas, Olav (2006-10-01). "Measuring plant dispersal: an introduction to field methods and experimental design". Plant Ecology. 186 (2): 217–234. doi:10.1007/s11258-006-9124-5. ISSN 1573-5052. S2CID 26926442.
In spermatophyte plants, seeddispersal is the movement, spread or transport of seeds away from the parent plant. Plants have limited mobility and rely...
Seeddispersal syndromes are morphological characters of seeds correlated to particular seeddispersal agents. Dispersal is the event by which individuals...
categories, pre-dispersal and post-dispersal predation, which affect the fitness of the parental plant and the dispersed offspring (the seed), respectively...
Seeddispersal is important for plants because it allows their progeny to move away from their parents over time. The advantages of seeddispersal may...
the dispersal distance. E. cicutarium with larger seeds have a longer coil and uncoil time compare to smaller seeds. In the field, the rate of seed burial...
such as seeds and spores. Technically, dispersal is defined as any movement that has the potential to lead to gene flow. The act of dispersal involves...
to the method of seeddispersal; that being the purpose of fruit - to encourage or enable the seed'sdispersal and protect the seed while doing so. Following...
is seeddispersal by ants, an ecologically significant ant–plant interaction with worldwide distribution. Most myrmecochorous plants produce seeds with...
area. In autumn, the bears have a greater seeddispersal rate and usually the males have a larger dispersal areas than females. There has been a huge...
either as seeddispersal agents or as seed predators, or both. During the day, these ants search the savannas for vegetation and plant seeds, and carry...
to determine how the seeds of C. fistula are dispersed. He found that golden jackals feed on the fruits and help in seeddispersal. It is used in Vishu...
nourishment and shelter for the ant and its larvae. Seeddispersal is the movement, spread or transport of seeds away from the parent plant. Plants have limited...
long-distance seeddispersal. It is also known that ants actively engage in Helonias seeddispersal. Although ants can help facilitate the dispersal process...
a sticky seed for dispersal. The seed sticks to nearby animals and birds and then comes into direct contact with the host. Arceuthobium seeds have a similarly...
squirting a stream of mucilaginous liquid containing its seeds as a means of seeddispersal, an example of rapid plant movement. E. elaterium is native...
omnivores, and take a range of other plant foods, including shoots and grass seeds, in addition to fungi, invertebrates, eggs, carrion, fish, and small vertebrates...
will reproduce. These dispersal units can range from pollen to seeds to fungi to entire organisms. There are two types of dispersal vector, those that are...
site, or from one breeding site to another Dispersal vector, forces that carry seeds for plants Oceanic dispersal, the movement of terrestrial organisms from...
animal species' attainment of hydration, nutrition, reproduction and/or seeddispersal. Biological evolution created hygroscopic solutions for water harvesting...
and seeds. The seeds are then passed through the birds’ digestive system and dispersed to new environments via defecation. Bird dispersal for seeds has...
their seeds (ballistic dispersal), or use gravity so that seeds fall and sometimes roll. Seeds are the primary way that trees reproduce and their seeds vary...
evolutionary anachronism—that is, a fruit coevolved with a large animal seeddispersal partner that is now extinct. This hypothesis is controversial. Maclura...
megafauna that are now extinct. Diminished effectiveness and distance of seeddispersal by fruit-eating mammals inhabiting the same ecosystems today suggest...
several seeds known at different times as the oldest viable seed. Dormancy allows seeds to survive for extended periods, which can aid in seeddispersal and...
known as “secondary dispersal”, “indirect dispersal” or "two-phase dispersal", is a seeddispersal mechanism in which a plant's seed is moved sequentially...
dispersing the seeds at lower frequencies. Insect dispersal is aided by the presence of a conspicuous elaiosome, an oil-rich body attached to the seed, which...
(farm implement) Priming (agriculture) Seed drill; a mechanical aid allowing much better and faster seeddispersal than when done by hand Tree planting...
Global Information