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Syrian Republic
الجمهورية السورية(Arabic) al-Jumhūrīyah as-Sūriyyah (1950–1958)Syrian Arab Republic الجمهورية العربية السورية(Arabic) al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʿArabiyyah as-Sūriyyah (1961–1963)
1950–1963
Flag
Coat of arms
Anthem: "Ḥumāt ad-Diyār" (English: "Guardians of the Homeland")[1]
Status
Component of the United Arab Republic (1958–61)
Capital
Damascus
Largest city
Aleppo
Official languages
Arabic
Recognised languages
Syriac Armenian Kurdish
Religion
Islam (all branches incl. Alawite) Christianity Judaism Druzism Yazidism
Demonym(s)
Syrian
Government
Unitary parliamentary republic (1950–1951, 1954–1958, 1961–1963) Military dictatorship (1951–1954)
President
• 1950–1951
Hashim al-Atassi (first)
• 1961–1963
Nazim al-Kudsi (last)
Military Strongman
• 1948–1954
Adib Shishakli
Prime Minister
• 1950
Nazim al-Kudsi (first)
• 1962–1963
Khalid al-Azm (last)
Historical era
Cold War
• Independence of First Syrian Republic
17 April 1946
• New constitution adopted
5 September 1950
• Merger with Egypt
22 February 1958
• Republic restored
28 September 1961
• Ba'athist seizure of power
8 March 1963
Area
• Total
189,880 km2 (73,310 sq mi)
Currency
Syrian pound
Preceded by
Succeeded by
1950 First Syrian Republic
1961 United Arab Republic
1958 United Arab Republic
1963 Syria
Today part of
Syria
Part of a series on the
History of Syria
Prehistory
Levantine corridor
Natufian culture
Halaf culture
Uruk period
Abu Hureyra
Aswad
Yarmukian culture
Bronze Age
Amorites
Akkadian Empire
Arameans
Canaanites
Middle Assyrian Empire
Ebla
Nagar
Yamhad
Qatna
Mari
Ugarit
Emar
Late Bronze Age collapse
Antiquity
Aram-Damascus
Syro-Hittite states
Neo-Assyrian Empire
Neo-Babylonian Empire
Achaemenid Syria
Seleucid Syria
Parthian Empire
Roman Syria
Palmyrene Empire
Byzantine Syria
Middle Ages
Muslim conquest (636)
Caliphal Syria (Bilad al-Sham)
Umayyad Syria
Abbasid Syria
Tulunid dynasty
Ikhshidid dynasty
Zangid dynasty
Hamdanid dynasty
Mirdasid dynasty
Fatimid Syria
Saljuqid Syria
Crusader states
County of Edessa
Principality of Antioch
County of Tripoli
Ayyubid Syria (1174–1260)
Mamluk Syria (1260–1516)
Early modern
Ottoman Syria (1516–1918)
Modern
Arab Kingdom of Syria (1920)
French Mandate
Syrian Federation (1922–25)
State of Syria (1925–30)
Mandatory Republic (1930–46)
Independent First Syrian Republic (1946–50)
Second Syrian Republic (1950–58, 1961–63)
United Arab Republic (1958–61)
Ba'thist Syria (1963–present)
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The Second Syrian Republic,[2][3] officially the Syrian Republic[a] from 1950 to 1958 and the Syrian Arab Republic[b] from 1961 to 1963, succeeded the First Syrian Republic that had become de facto independent in April 1946 from the French Mandate. The Second Republic was founded on the Syrian Constitution of 1950, which was suspended from 1953 to 1954 under Adib Shishakli's strongmanship, and later when Syria joined with the Republic of Egypt in forming the United Arab Republic in 1958. The Second Republic resumed when Syria withdrew from the union in 1961. In 1963, the Syrian Ba'athist Party came to power in a bloody military coup, which laid the foundations for the political structure in Syria to the present day.
The green, white, black and red flag is the first flag of the Syrian Arab Republic and with the shortest usage, that being from 1961 to 1963. It is also the flag of the Syrian Opposition during the ongoing Syrian civil war.
^www.nationalanthems.info
^George Meri Haddad (1971). Revolutions and Military Rule in the Middle East. Vol. 2. Robert Speller & Sons. p. 286. ISBN 9780831500603.
^George Crews McGhee (1983). Envoy to the Middle World: Adventures in Diplomacy. Harper & Row. p. 386. ISBN 9780060390259.
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