Sea water particles that are formed directly from the ocean
For other uses, see seaspray (disambiguation).
"Salt air" redirects here. For other uses, see saltair (disambiguation).
Sea spray generated by breaking surface waves
Sea spray are aerosol particles formed from the ocean, mostly by ejection into Earth's atmosphere by bursting bubbles at the air-sea interface.[1] Sea spray contains both organic matter and inorganic salts that form sea salt aerosol (SSA).[2] SSA has the ability to form cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and remove anthropogenic aerosol pollutants from the atmosphere.[3] Coarse sea spray has also been found to inhibit the development of lightning in storm clouds.[4]
Sea spray is directly (and indirectly, through SSA) responsible for a significant degree of the heat and moisture fluxes between the atmosphere and the ocean,[5][6] affecting global climate patterns and tropical storm intensity.[7] Sea spray also influences plant growth and species distribution in coastal ecosystems[8] and increases corrosion of building materials in coastal areas.[9]
^Lewis, Ernie (2004). Sea salt aerosol production : mechanisms, methods, measurements and models : a critical review. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union. ISBN 978-1-118-66605-0. OCLC 646872726.
^Gantt, Brett; Meskhidze, Nicholas (2013). "The physical and chemical characteristics of marine primary organic aerosol: a review". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 13 (8): 3979–3996. Bibcode:2013ACP....13.3979G. doi:10.5194/acp-13-3979-2013.
^Rosenfeld, Daniel; Lahav, Ronen; Khain, Alexander; Pinsky, Mark (2002-09-06). "The Role of Sea Spray in Cleansing Air Pollution over Ocean via Cloud Processes". Science. 297 (5587): 1667–1670. Bibcode:2002Sci...297.1667R. doi:10.1126/science.1073869. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 12183635. S2CID 11897318.
^Andreas, Edgar L; Edson, James B.; Monahan, Edward C.; Rouault, Mathieu P.; Smith, Stuart D. (1995). "The spray contribution to net evaporation from the sea: A review of recent progress". Boundary-Layer Meteorology. 72 (1–2): 3–52. Bibcode:1995BoLMe..72....3A. doi:10.1007/bf00712389. ISSN 0006-8314. S2CID 121476167.
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Seaspray are aerosol particles formed from the ocean, mostly by ejection into Earth's atmosphere by bursting bubbles at the air-sea interface. Sea spray...
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engines, which generate sulphate aerosols. Seaspray Highfield, Roger (February 2, 2007). "Secrets of 'bracing' sea air bottled by scientists". The Daily Telegraph...
from terrestrial dust storms and oceanic plankton swept into the air by seaspray. Though many planktonic species are microscopic in size, plankton includes...
Sea salt aerosol, which originally comes from seaspray, is one of the most widely distributed natural aerosols. Sea salt aerosols are characterized as...
function of the thickness of the SML (which varies with sea state; including losses via seaspray, the concentrations of organics in the bulk water, and...
was detonated 90 feet (27 m) underwater on July 25, 1946. Radioactive seaspray caused extensive contamination. A third deep-water test named Charlie...
impact from particles or debris, light or radiation, wind blast, heat, seaspray or impact from some type of ball or puck used in sports. Eye protection...
air-sea interface, the SML can influence exchange processes across this boundary layer, such as air-sea gas exchange and the formation of seaspray aerosols...
atmospheric sea salt reflect the composition of sea water, and thus include magnesium, sulfate, calcium, potassium, and others. In addition, seaspray aerosols...
to the sea floor, but float freely. Seaweed occupies various ecological niches. At the surface, they are only wetted by the tops of seaspray, while some...
SeaSpray and Smoke Drift (1867) is the first collection of poems by Australian poet Adam Lindsay Gordon. It was released in hardback by George Robertson...
refer to: Seaspray, aerosol particles formed directly from the ocean SEASPRAY, a clandestine U.S. Army special operations unit Operation Sea-Spray, a secret...
higher refractive index than rain water, so the radius of a "rainbow" in seaspray is smaller than that of a true rainbow. This is visible to the naked eye...
between continents. Over ocean surfaces, bioaerosols are generated via seaspray and bubbles. Bioaerosols can transmit microbial pathogens, endotoxins...
terrestrial dust storms, but most originate from marine microorganisms in seaspray. In 2018, scientists reported that hundreds of millions of viruses and...
Preemptive Operations Group Operation Himmler Bay of Pigs Invasion Operation Sea-Spray U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff (13 March 1962). "Justification for US Military...
building back into use. Ross, a former radio DJ, also founded Sand, Sea and Spray street art festival. Running between 2011 and 2016, the festival featured...
are said to help keep the seaspray off the face as well as improve hearing. They were often decorated with paints, beads, sea lion whiskers and ivory figurines...
terrestrial dust storms, but most originate from marine microorganisms in seaspray. In 2018, scientists reported that hundreds of millions of viruses and...
develops from the dark spot on the water surface. Then, a dense annulus of seaspray, called a "cascade", appears around the dark spot with what appears to...
airborne marine microorganisms are propelled high into the atmosphere in seaspray. Aeroplankton deposits hundreds of millions of airborne viruses and tens...
rocks at the often turbulent, windy shore, just above the limit of the seaspray. It feeds on algae primarily, sometimes sampling other plant matter and...
amounts in an unfiltered air sample, including dust, pollen and spores, seaspray, volcanic ash, and meteoroids. Various industrial pollutants also may...
Nasal sprays are used to deliver medications locally in the nasal cavities or systemically. They are used locally for conditions such as nasal congestion...
including dust of mineral and organic composition, pollen and spores, seaspray, and volcanic ash. Various industrial pollutants also may be present as...
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