Left to right, top to bottom: Austrodecus bamberi (Austrodecidae), Colossendeis sp. (Colossendeidae), Pycnogonum stearnsi (Pycnogonidae), Ammothea hilgendorfi (Ammotheidae), Endeis flaccida (Endeinae), Nymphon signatum (Nymphonidae)
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Subphylum:
Chelicerata
Class:
Pycnogonida Latreille, 1810
Order:
Pantopoda Gerstaecker, 1863
Type genus
Pycnogonum
Brünnich, 1764
Families
See text.
Synonyms
Arachnopoda Dana, 1853
Sea spiders are marine arthropods of the order Pantopoda[1] (lit. ‘all feet’[2]), belonging to the class Pycnogonida,[3] hence they are also called pycnogonids (/pɪkˈnɒɡənədz/;[4] named after Pycnogonum, the type genus;[5] with the suffix -id). They are cosmopolitan, found in oceans around the world. The over 1,300 known species have leg spans ranging from 1 mm (0.04 in) to over 70 cm (2.3 ft).[6] Most are toward the smaller end of this range in relatively shallow depths; however, they can grow to be quite large in Antarctic and deep waters.
Although "sea spiders" are not true spiders, nor even arachnids, their traditional classification as chelicerates would place them closer to true spiders than to other well-known arthropod groups, such as insects or crustaceans, if correct. This is disputed, however, as genetic evidence suggests they may be a sister group to all other living arthropods.[7][8]
^"Pycnogonida". World Register of Marine Species. Taxon details.
^"Pantopoda". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary.: "taxonomic synonym of Pycnogonida < Neo-Latin, from pant- + -poda"
^"Pycnogonida". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary.: "New Latin, from Pycnogonum [...] + -ida"
^"pycnogonid". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary.
^"pycnogonid". The Free Dictionary. From Neo-Latin Pycnogonida, class name, from Pycnogonum, type genus.
^"Sea spiders provide insights into Antarctic evolution" (Press release). Department of the Environment and Energy, Australian Antarctic Division. 22 July 2010. Archived from the original on 31 July 2018. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
^Sharma, P. P.; Kaluziak, S. T.; Perez-Porro, A.R.; Gonzalez, V. L.; Hormiga, G.; Wheeler, W. C.; Giribet, G. (2014). "Phylogenomic Interrogation of Arachnida Reveals Systemic Conflicts in Phylogenetic Signal". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 31 (11): 2963–84. doi:10.1093/molbev/msu235. PMID 25107551.
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Nymphon signatum, the scarlet seaspider, is a species of seaspider. This species is endemic to the South African coast and is found only from Cape Point...
Palaeoisopus is a monotypic genus of fossil pycnogonid (seaspider), known only by one species, Palaeoisopus problematicus, discovered from the Lower Devonian...
Colossendeis is a genus of seaspider (class Pycnogonida) belonging to the family Colossendeidae. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that this genus is paraphyletic...
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Pycnogonidae is a family of seaspiders. Most seaspiders in the class Pycnogonida have appendages on the anterior end of the body called chelifores which...
among chelicerates – a group of arthropods including spiders, scorpions, horseshoe crabs, and seaspiders. The pedipalps are lateral to the chelicerae ("jaws")...
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from sea level to tree line, occupying relatively dry habitats such as coastal dunes or oak woodlands. Between two and thirty redback jumping spiders per...
0 ft) in length and 5 kg (11 lb) in weight. The largest of the seaspiders is the deep-sea species Colossendeis colossea, attaining a leg span of nearly...
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including the basket star, swimming cucumber, and the sea pig; and marine arthropods including the seaspider. Many species at these depths are transparent and...
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European spider crab, spiny spider crab or spinous spider crab) is a species of migratory crab found in the north-east Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea. The...
Pycnogonum stearnsi, commonly known as Stearns' seaspider, is a marine arthropod in the family Pycnogonidae. It is found on the western seaboard of North...
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to as far south as Greece and the Mediterranean sea. It is recorded in the checklist of Danish spider species. In North America, the species is found...
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