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Scotland in the modern era information


Scotland in the modern era, from the end of the Jacobite risings and beginnings of industrialisation in the 18th century to the present day, has played a major part in the economic, military and political history of the United Kingdom, British Empire and Europe, while recurring issues over the status of Scotland, its status and identity have dominated political debate.

Scotland made a major contribution to the intellectual life of Europe, particularly in the Enlightenment, producing major figures including the economist Adam Smith, philosophers Francis Hutcheson and David Hume, and scientists William Cullen, Joseph Black and James Hutton. In the 19th century major figures included James Watt, James Clerk Maxwell, Lord Kelvin and Sir Walter Scott. Scotland's economic contribution to the Empire and the Industrial Revolution included its banking system and the development of cotton, coal mining, shipbuilding and an extensive railway network. Industrialisation and changes to agriculture and society led to depopulation and clearances of the largely rural highlands, migration to the towns and mass emigration, where Scots made a major contribution to the development of countries including the US, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.

In the 20th century, Scotland played a major role in the British and allied effort in the two world wars and began to suffer a sharp industrial decline, going through periods of considerable political instability. The decline was particularly acute in the second half of the 20th century, but was compensated for to a degree by the development of an extensive oil industry, technological manufacturing and a growing service sector. This period also increasing debates about the place of Scotland within the United Kingdom, the rise of the Scottish National Party and after a referendum in 1999 the establishment of a devolved Scottish Parliament.

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Scotland in the modern era

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Scotland in the modern era, from the end of the Jacobite risings and beginnings of industrialisation in the 18th century to the present day, has played...

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Scotland in the early modern period

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Scotland in the early modern period refers, for the purposes of this article, to Scotland between the death of James IV in 1513 and the end of the Jacobite...

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Agriculture in Scotland in the early modern era

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Agriculture in Scotland in the early modern era includes all forms of farm production in the modern boundaries of Scotland, between the establishment of the Renaissance...

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Early modern period

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The early modern period is a historical period that is part of the modern period based primarily on the history of Europe and the broader concept of modernity...

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Geography of Scotland in the early modern era

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The geography of Scotland in the early modern era covers all aspects of the land in Scotland, including physical and human, between the sixteenth century...

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Economy of Scotland in the early modern period

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The economy of Scotland in the early modern era encompasses all economic activity in Scotland between the early sixteenth century and the mid-eighteenth...

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Japan

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Keene, Donald (1999). World Within Walls: Japanese Literature of the Pre-Modern Era, 1600–1867. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11467-7. Keene,...

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Scottish society in the early modern era

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Scottish society in the early modern era encompasses the social structure and relations that existed in Scotland between the early sixteenth century and...

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Scotland

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early modern era, French cuisine played a role in Scottish cookery due to cultural exchanges brought about by the "Auld Alliance", especially during the reign...

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Victorian era

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In the history of the United Kingdom and the British Empire, the Victorian era was the reign of Queen Victoria, from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22...

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Scottish trade in the early modern era

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Scottish trade in the early modern era includes all forms of economic exchange within Scotland and between the country and locations outwith its boundaries...

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Scottish Marches

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Scottish Marches was the term used for the Anglo-Scottish border during the Late Middle Ages and the Early Modern era, characterised by violence and cross-border...

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Jacobean era

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The Jacobean era was the period in English and Scottish history that coincides with the reign of James VI of Scotland who also inherited the crown of England...

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Scottish Gaelic

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Scots, the Middle English-derived language which had come to be spoken in most of the Lowlands of Scotland by the early modern era. Prior to the 15th century...

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Architecture of Scotland in the Roman era

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The architecture of Scotland in the Roman era includes all building within the modern borders of Scotland, from the arrival of the Romans in northern Britain...

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Georgian era

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The Georgian era was a period in British history from 1714 to c. 1830–1837, named after the Hanoverian kings George I, George II, George III and George...

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Early modern Britain

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early modern British history include numerous wars, especially with France, along with the English Renaissance, the English Reformation and Scottish Reformation...

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Family in early modern Scotland

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The family in early modern Scotland includes all aspects of kinship and family life, between the Renaissance and the Reformation of the sixteenth century...

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History of Wales

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habitation by modern humans dates from the period after the end of the last ice age around 9000 BC, and Wales has many remains from the Mesolithic, Neolithic...

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Common Era

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Common Era (CE) and Before the Common Era (BCE) are year notations for the Gregorian calendar (and its predecessor, the Julian calendar), the world's most...

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Music in early modern Scotland

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in early modern Scotland includes all forms of musical production in Scotland between the early sixteenth century and the mid-eighteenth century. In this...

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Architecture of Scotland in the prehistoric era

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The architecture of Scotland in the prehistoric era includes all human building within the modern borders of Scotland, before the arrival of the Romans...

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Architecture in early modern Scotland

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Architecture in early modern Scotland encompasses all building within the borders of the kingdom of Scotland, from the early sixteenth century to the mid-eighteenth...

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Scotland in the High Middle Ages

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The High Middle Ages of Scotland encompass Scotland in the era between the death of Domnall II in 900 AD and the death of King Alexander III in 1286,...

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Claymore

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Scottish Gaelic: claidheamh-mòr, "great sword") is either the Scottish variant of the late medieval two-handed sword or the Scottish variant of the basket-hilted...

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Government in early modern Scotland

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in early modern Scotland included all forms of administration, from the crown, through national institutions, to systems of local government and the law...

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Renaissance

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between the Middle Ages and the modern era. Others such as Roger Osborne have come to consider the Italian Renaissance as a repository of the myths and...

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Scottish baronial architecture

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historical architecture of Scotland in the Late Middle Ages and the Early Modern Period. Reminiscent of Scottish castles, buildings in the Scots baronial style...

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Literature in modern Scotland

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Literature in modern Scotland is literature written in Scotland, or by Scottish writers, since the beginning of the twentieth century. It includes literature...

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Women in the Victorian era

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Many have seen the status of women in the Victorian era as an illustration of the striking discrepancy between the United Kingdom's national power and...

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