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Scotch whisky (Scottish Gaelic: uisge-beatha na h-Alba; Scots: Scots whisky/whiskie, whusk(e)y, pronounced[ˈʍɪski],[1] often simply called whisky or Scotch) is malt whisky or grain whisky (or a blend of the two), made in Scotland.
All Scotch whisky was originally made from malted barley. Commercial distilleries began introducing whisky made from wheat and rye in the late 18th century.[2]
As of 2022[update], there were 141 whisky distilleries operating in Scotland,[3] making Scotch whisky one of the most renowned geographical indications worldwide.[4]
All Scotch whisky must be aged immediately after distillation in oak barrels for at least three years.[5][6] Any age statement on a bottle of Scotch whisky, expressed in numerical form, must reflect the age of the youngest whisky used to create that product. A whisky with an age statement is known as guaranteed-age whisky. A whisky without an age statement is known as a no age statement (NAS) whisky, the only guarantee being that all whisky contained in that bottle is at least three years old. The minimum bottling strength according to existing regulations is 40% alcohol by volume.[7]
Scotch whisky is divided into five distinct categories: single malt Scotch whisky, single grain Scotch whisky, blended malt Scotch whisky (formerly called "vatted malt" or "pure malt"), blended grain Scotch whisky, and blended Scotch whisky.[5][6]
The first known written mention of Scotch whisky is in the Exchequer Rolls of Scotland of 1494.[8]
Many Scotch whisky drinkers refer to a unit for drinking as a dram.[9]
As explained in its history, the word whisky derives its etymology from the Gaelic uisge beatha or usquebaugh, which means "water of life" (a calque via Medieval Latin aqua vitae; compare aquavit).[10][11]
^"whisky". Scottish National Dictionary. Retrieved 13 January 2021 – via Dictionary of the Scots Language.
^MacLean 2010, p. 10.
^"Facts & Figures". The Scotch Whisky Association. Retrieved 20 November 2022.
^Jewell, Catherine (April 2023). "Scotch Whisky Sees IP, Diversity and Inclusion as Keys To its Longer-term Sustainability". WIPO Magazine.
^ abScotch Whisky Regulations 2009.
^ abScotch Whisky Association 2009.
^"What is the alcoholic strength of Scotch Whisky?". The Scotch Whisky Association. 1 December 2018. Retrieved 19 December 2019.
^Cite error: The named reference ERoS was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Simpson, John A.; Weiner, Edmund S.C., eds. (1989). "dram, n.". Oxford English Dictionary (2nd ed.). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-861186-8. OCLC 50959346. Retrieved 2 July 2012. Earlier version first published in New English Dictionary, 1897.
^"Scotch Whisky FAQs". Scotch Whisky Association. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
^Harper, Douglas. "whiskey". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
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