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Science and technology in Uganda examine government efforts to develop a national innovation system and the impact of these policies.
In 2013, manufacturers contributed 10% of GDP, compared to 21% for the industry as a whole and 25% for agriculture. Half of GDP came (54%) from the services sector. In 2012, Uganda's main exports were all agricultural products: unroasted coffee (30.6%), cotton (5.6%) and tobacco (5.5%). In 2010, it spent less than 5% of GDP on agriculture, despite African countries having committed to the target of 10% when the African Union adopted the Maputo Declaration in 2003.[1] They reiterated this goal in the Malabo Declaration adopted in Equatorial Guinea in 2014. In the latter declaration, they reaffirmed their 'intention to devote 10% of their national budgets to agricultural development and agreed to target such as doubling agricultural productivity, halving post-harvest loss and bringing stunting down to 10% across Africa. However, African leaders meeting in Equatorial Guinea failed to resolve the debate on establishing a common standard of measurement for the 10% target.[2]
In 2013, Uganda was ranked 36th out of 52 countries on the Ibrahim Index of African Governance. Some 16% of the population had access to internet and 44% a mobile phone subscription in 2013. One in four (26%) Ugandans had access to sanitation, 42% to improved water and 15% to electricity in 2011. The government spent 4.3% of GDP on health and 1.9% of GDP on the military in 2013. Inflows of foreign direct investment amounted to 4.8% of GDP in 2013.[3]
In 2014, the population was growing at a rate of 3.31% per year. In sub-Saharan Africa, only Niger (3.87% per year) and South Sudan (3.84%) recorded faster growth rates.[3]
Public expenditure on education amounted to 3.3% of GDP in 2012. Of this, 11% (0.4% of GDP) was earmarked for higher education. Uganda has achieved universal primary education but only one-quarter of students attend secondary school (27% gross enrollment ratio in 2013) and 4.4% attend university.[3] Uganda was ranked 119th in the Global Innovation Index in 2021, down from 102nd in 2019.[4][5][6][7]
^"AU 2003 Maputo Declaration on Agriculture and Food Security | AUDA-NEPAD". www.nepad.org. Retrieved 2022-04-01.
^"One Applauds AU Malabo Declaration's Recommitment to Agriculture Transformation". ONE.org. 2 July 2014. Retrieved 12 June 2017.
^ abcUNESCO Science Report: towards 2030(PDF). Paris: UNESCO. 2015. pp. 471–565. ISBN 978-92-3-100129-1.
^"Global Innovation Index 2021". World Intellectual Property Organization. United Nations. Retrieved 2022-03-05.
^"Global Innovation Index 2019". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2021-09-02.
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