Global InformationSchmallenberg orthobunyavirus information
| Schmallenberg orthobunyavirus | |
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| Schmallenberg virus | |
Virus classification 
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| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Riboviria |
| Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
| Phylum: | Negarnaviricota |
| Class: | Ellioviricetes |
| Order: | Bunyavirales |
| Family: | Peribunyaviridae |
| Genus: | Orthobunyavirus |
| Species: | Schmallenberg orthobunyavirus
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| Synonyms | |
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Schmallenberg orthobunyavirus, also called Schmallenberg virus, abbreviated SBV, is a virus that causes congenital malformations and stillbirths in cattle, sheep, goats, and possibly alpaca.[1][2] It appears to be transmitted by midges (Culicoides spp.), which are likely to have been most active in causing the infection in the Northern Hemisphere summer and autumn of 2011, with animals subsequently giving birth from late 2011.[1] Schmallenberg virus falls in the Simbu serogroup of orthobunyaviruses. It is considered to be most closely related to the Sathuperi and Douglas viruses.[3]
The virus is named after Schmallenberg, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, from where the first definitive sample was derived.[1] It was first reported in October 2011.[4] After Germany, it has also been detected in the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Luxembourg, Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom,[5] Switzerland,[6] Ireland,[7] Finland,[8] Denmark,[9] Sweden,[10] Austria,[11] Norway,[11] Poland[11] and Estonia.[11]
The virus has been recognised by the European Commission's Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health[1] and the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (German Research Institute for Animal Health).[11] A risk assessment in December 2011 did not consider it likely to be a threat to human health,[12] as other comparable viruses are not zoonotic.[11]
Immunity can possibly be acquired naturally against SBV. It is possible that the seasonality of the infection cycle would not entail a second epidemic circulation next year, due to the shortness of the viraemic period (about 4 to 6 days post exposure, longer in affected foetuses). Vaccination is a possible option for controlling the disease as a vaccine exists for the similar Akabane virus.[13] In March 2012, scientists of the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut first succeeded in producing an electron microscope image of the Schmallenberg virus.[14]
- ^ a b c d Kai Kupferschmidt (13 January 2012). "New animal virus takes northern Europe by surprise". Science. Archived from the original on 15 January 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
- ^ Richard Black (7 August 2012). "Schmallenberg virus 'may spread across UK'". BBC News. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
- ^ Goller KV, Höper D, Schirrmeier H, Mettenleiter TC, Beer M (October 2012). "Schmallenberg virus as possible ancestor of Shamonda virus". Emerg Infect Dis. 18 (10): 1644–1646. doi:10.3201/eid1810.120835. PMC 3471646. PMID 23017842.
- ^ Dongyou Liu: Molecular Detection of Animal Viral Pathogens, Schmallenberg virus, S. 563, CRC Press, 2016, ISBN 9781498700368
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
DC23112was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Regula Kennel (20 July 2012). "Schmallenbergvirus auch in der Schweiz" [Schmallenberg virus also in Switzerland] (in German). Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft. Retrieved 5 December 2013.
- ^ "Schmallenberg virus confirmed in a bovine foetus in County Cork". Department of Agriculture, Food & the Marine. 30 October 2012. Retrieved 5 December 2013.
- ^ Ulla Rikula (15 January 2013). "Schmallenberg virus found in deformed lambs". Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira. Retrieved 5 December 2013.
- ^ Mette Buck Jensen (7 June 2012). "Schmallenberg virus påvist i danske husdyr for første gang". Danmarks Tekniske Universitet. Retrieved 5 December 2013.
- ^ Erika Chenais (27 November 2012). "Nytt virus hos får och nötkreatur i Sverige". Statens veterinärmedicinska anstalt. Retrieved 5 December 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f Schmallenberg virus: new Orthobunyavirus in cattle Archived 28 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine, updated 10 January 2012, accessed 16 January 2012
- ^ Risk assessment: New Orthobunyavirus isolated from infected cattle and small livestock ─ potential implications for human health, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 22 December 2011, accessed 17 January 2012
- ^ SMC(UK) Fact Sheet on Schmallenberg virus
- ^ "FLI: First visualization of Schmallenberg virus". Archived from the original on 6 January 2013. Retrieved 18 March 2012.