This article is about King Saul, the biblical figure found in the Hebrew Bible. For the New Testament figure known as Saul of Tarsus, see Paul the Apostle. For other uses, see Saul (disambiguation).
Saul שָׁאוּל
Saul depicted in a detail from an 1878 oil painting by Ernst Josephson
King of Israel
Reign
c. 1030 BC — c. 1010 BC
Successor
Ish-bosheth[1][2]
Spouses
Ahinoam
Rizpah
Issue
Ish-bosheth
Jonathan
Abinadab
Melchishua
Merab
Michal
Armoni
Mephibosheth
Names
Saul ben Kish (שאול בן קיש)
House
House of Saul
Father
Kish
Saul (/sɔːl/; Hebrew: שָׁאוּל, Šāʾūl; Greek: Σαούλ, Saoúl; transl. "asked/prayed for") was, according to the Hebrew Bible, the first monarch of the United Kingdom of Israel. His reign, traditionally placed in the late 11th century BC,[3] supposedly marked the transition of Israel and Judah from a scattered tribal society ruled by various judges to organized statehood.[4]
The historicity of Saul and the United Kingdom of Israel is not universally accepted, as what is known of both comes exclusively from the Hebrew Bible.[3][5] According to the text, he was anointed as king of the Israelites by Samuel, and reigned from Gibeah. Saul is said to have committed suicide when he "fell on his sword" during a battle with the Philistines at Mount Gilboa, in which three of his sons were also killed. Saul's son Ish-bosheth succeeded him on the throne and was later murdered by his own military leaders, and then his son-in-law David became king.
^Garfinkel, Yosef; Ganor, Saar; Hasel, Michael G. (2018). In the Footsteps of King David: Revelations from an Ancient Biblical City. Thames & Hudson. p. 182. ISBN 978-0-50077428-1. Archived from the original on 11 October 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
^Avioz, Michael (2015). Josephus' Interpretation of the Books of Samuel. Bloomsbury. p. 99. ISBN 9780567458575. Archived from the original on 11 October 2020. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
^ abCite error: The named reference finkelstein was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Van der Toorn, Karel (1993). "Saul and the rise of Israelite state religion". Vetus Testamentum. XLIII (4): 519–542. doi:10.2307/1518499. JSTOR 1518499.
^Cite error: The named reference David was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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