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Satellite temperature measurement information


Satellite temperature measurement
Comparison of ground-based measurements of near-surface temperature (blue) and satellite based records of mid-tropospheric temperature (red: UAH; green: RSS) from 1979 to 2010. Trends plotted 1982-2010.
Satellite temperature measurement
Atmospheric temperature trends from 1979-2016 based on satellite measurements; troposphere above, stratosphere below.

Satellite temperature measurements are inferences of the temperature of the atmosphere at various altitudes as well as sea and land surface temperatures obtained from radiometric measurements by satellites. These measurements can be used to locate weather fronts, monitor the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, determine the strength of tropical cyclones, study urban heat islands and monitor the global climate. Wildfires, volcanos, and industrial hot spots can also be found via thermal imaging from weather satellites.

Weather satellites do not measure temperature directly. They measure radiances in various wavelength bands. Since 1978 microwave sounding units (MSUs) on National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration polar orbiting satellites have measured the intensity of upwelling microwave radiation from atmospheric oxygen, which is related to the temperature of broad vertical layers of the atmosphere. Measurements of infrared radiation pertaining to sea surface temperature have been collected since 1967.

Satellite datasets show that over the past four decades the troposphere has warmed and the stratosphere has cooled. Both of these trends are consistent with the influence of increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases.

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Satellite temperature measurement

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Satellite temperature measurements are inferences of the temperature of the atmosphere at various altitudes as well as sea and land surface temperatures...

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Temperature measurement

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Temperature measurement (also known as thermometry) describes the process of measuring a current temperature for immediate or later evaluation. Datasets...

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Highest temperature recorded on Earth

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The highest temperature recorded on Earth has been measured in three major ways: air, ground, and via satellite observation. Air measurements are used as...

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Lowest temperature recorded on Earth

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Antarctica on 21 July 1983 by ground measurements. On 10 August 2010, satellite observations showed a surface temperature of −92 °C (−134 °F; 181 K) at 81°48′S...

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Sea surface temperature

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subsurface bulk temperature in the top few metres of the ocean, measured by ships, buoys and drifters. [...] Satellite measurements of skin temperature (uppermost...

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UAH satellite temperature dataset

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layers from satellite measurements of the oxygen radiance in the microwave band, using Microwave Sounding Unit temperature measurements. It was the first...

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List of weather records

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observations such as satellite measurements, since those values are not considered official records. The standard measuring conditions for temperature are in the...

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temperature scale using Fahrenheit degrees Relativistic heat conduction – Model compatible with special relativity Satellite temperature measurements –...

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Instrumental temperature record

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instrumental temperature record is a record of temperatures within Earth's climate based on direct measurement of air temperature and ocean temperature. Instrumental...

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"Global Warming". NASA JPL. 3 June 2010. Retrieved 11 September 2020. Satellite measurements show warming in the troposphere but cooling in the stratosphere...

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Greenhouse effect

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emitted to space. Energy imbalance is the fundamental measurement that drives surface temperature. A UN presentation says "The EEI is the most critical...

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Geologic temperature record

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Global cooling Instrumental temperature record Ocean heat content Satellite temperature measurements Sea surface temperature Thermal history of the Earth...

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2024 in climate change

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published in Nature Climate Change, based on 300 years of ocean mixed-layer temperature records preserved in sclerosponge skeletons, concluded that modern global...

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Atmospheric temperature

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measurements. These temperature records and measurements are typically acquired using the satellite or ground instrumental temperature measurements,...

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Global temperature record

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years ago to the present. Tree rings and measurements from ice cores can give evidence about the global temperature from 1,000-2,000 years before the present...

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Outgoing longwave radiation

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space under various atmospheric conditions. Effective temperature Satellite temperature measurement Shortwave radiation Matthews, J.B.R.; Möller, V.; van...

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longwave radiation which is asymptotically reached due to higher surface temperatures evaporating water into the atmosphere, increasing its optical depth....

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Marine cloud brightening

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potential effectiveness of marine cloud brightening at modifying ocean temperature. Different cloud regimes are likely to have differing susceptibility...

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Shared Socioeconomic Pathways

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necessary." The IPCC Sixth Assessment Report assessed the projected temperature outcomes of a set of five scenarios that are based on the framework of...

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Pressure measurement is the measurement of an applied force by a fluid (liquid or gas) on a surface. Pressure is typically measured in units of force per...

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book. Schäfer M, Richter M, Span R (2015). "Measurements of the viscosity of carbon dioxide at temperatures from (253.15 to 473.15) K with pressures up...

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Indian Ocean Dipole

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known as the Indian Niño, is an irregular oscillation of sea surface temperatures in which the western Indian Ocean becomes alternately warmer (positive...

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Microwave Sounding Unit temperature measurements

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of several methods of measuring Earth atmospheric temperature from satellites. Microwave measurements have been obtained from the troposphere since 1979...

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James Hansen

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capable of determining temperatures, Roy Spencer and John Christy published the first version of their satellite temperature measurements in 1990. Contrary...

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List of locations and entities by greenhouse gas emissions

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Measurements Global surface temperature Instrumental temperature record Proxy Satellite temperature measurement Theory Albedo Carbon cycle atmospheric...

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Ozone depletion

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decline in polar ozone was far larger than had been anticipated. Satellite measurements (TOMS onboard Nimbus 7) showing massive depletion of ozone around...

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History of climate change science

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and corrected satellite and radiosonde measurements of the tropical troposphere are slightly warmer. Satellite temperature measurements show that tropospheric...

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scientific literature, there is a very strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused by human-induced...

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Water vapor

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aggregate measurement of this kinetic energy transfer is defined as thermal energy and occurs only when there is differential in the temperature of the water...

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