Measurements of atmospheric, land surface or sea temperature by satellites.
Comparison of ground-based measurements of near-surface temperature (blue) and satellite based records of mid-tropospheric temperature (red: UAH; green: RSS) from 1979 to 2010. Trends plotted 1982-2010.
Atmospheric temperature trends from 1979-2016 based on satellite measurements; troposphere above, stratosphere below.
For broader coverage of this topic, see Temperature measurement.
Satellite temperature measurements are inferences of the temperature of the atmosphere at various altitudes as well as sea and land surface temperatures obtained from radiometric measurements by satellites. These measurements can be used to locate weather fronts, monitor the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, determine the strength of tropical cyclones, study urban heat islands and monitor the global climate. Wildfires, volcanos, and industrial hot spots can also be found via thermal imaging from weather satellites.
Weather satellites do not measure temperature directly. They measure radiances in various wavelength bands. Since 1978 microwave sounding units (MSUs) on National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration polar orbiting satellites have measured the intensity of upwelling microwave radiation from atmospheric oxygen, which is related to the temperature of broad vertical layers of the atmosphere. Measurements of infrared radiation pertaining to sea surface temperature have been collected since 1967.
Satellite datasets show that over the past four decades the troposphere has warmed and the stratosphere has cooled. Both of these trends are consistent with the influence of increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases.
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Satellitetemperaturemeasurements are inferences of the temperature of the atmosphere at various altitudes as well as sea and land surface temperatures...
Temperaturemeasurement (also known as thermometry) describes the process of measuring a current temperature for immediate or later evaluation. Datasets...
The highest temperature recorded on Earth has been measured in three major ways: air, ground, and via satellite observation. Air measurements are used as...
Antarctica on 21 July 1983 by ground measurements. On 10 August 2010, satellite observations showed a surface temperature of −92 °C (−134 °F; 181 K) at 81°48′S...
subsurface bulk temperature in the top few metres of the ocean, measured by ships, buoys and drifters. [...] Satellitemeasurements of skin temperature (uppermost...
layers from satellitemeasurements of the oxygen radiance in the microwave band, using Microwave Sounding Unit temperaturemeasurements. It was the first...
observations such as satellitemeasurements, since those values are not considered official records. The standard measuring conditions for temperature are in the...
temperature scale using Fahrenheit degrees Relativistic heat conduction – Model compatible with special relativity Satellitetemperaturemeasurements –...
instrumental temperature record is a record of temperatures within Earth's climate based on direct measurement of air temperature and ocean temperature. Instrumental...
"Global Warming". NASA JPL. 3 June 2010. Retrieved 11 September 2020. Satellitemeasurements show warming in the troposphere but cooling in the stratosphere...
emitted to space. Energy imbalance is the fundamental measurement that drives surface temperature. A UN presentation says "The EEI is the most critical...
Global cooling Instrumental temperature record Ocean heat content Satellitetemperaturemeasurements Sea surface temperature Thermal history of the Earth...
published in Nature Climate Change, based on 300 years of ocean mixed-layer temperature records preserved in sclerosponge skeletons, concluded that modern global...
years ago to the present. Tree rings and measurements from ice cores can give evidence about the global temperature from 1,000-2,000 years before the present...
space under various atmospheric conditions. Effective temperatureSatellitetemperaturemeasurement Shortwave radiation Matthews, J.B.R.; Möller, V.; van...
longwave radiation which is asymptotically reached due to higher surface temperatures evaporating water into the atmosphere, increasing its optical depth....
potential effectiveness of marine cloud brightening at modifying ocean temperature. Different cloud regimes are likely to have differing susceptibility...
necessary." The IPCC Sixth Assessment Report assessed the projected temperature outcomes of a set of five scenarios that are based on the framework of...
Pressure measurement is the measurement of an applied force by a fluid (liquid or gas) on a surface. Pressure is typically measured in units of force per...
book. Schäfer M, Richter M, Span R (2015). "Measurements of the viscosity of carbon dioxide at temperatures from (253.15 to 473.15) K with pressures up...
known as the Indian Niño, is an irregular oscillation of sea surface temperatures in which the western Indian Ocean becomes alternately warmer (positive...
of several methods of measuring Earth atmospheric temperature from satellites. Microwave measurements have been obtained from the troposphere since 1979...
capable of determining temperatures, Roy Spencer and John Christy published the first version of their satellitetemperaturemeasurements in 1990. Contrary...
Measurements Global surface temperature Instrumental temperature record Proxy Satellitetemperaturemeasurement Theory Albedo Carbon cycle atmospheric...
decline in polar ozone was far larger than had been anticipated. Satellitemeasurements (TOMS onboard Nimbus 7) showing massive depletion of ozone around...
and corrected satellite and radiosonde measurements of the tropical troposphere are slightly warmer. Satellitetemperaturemeasurements show that tropospheric...
scientific literature, there is a very strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused by human-induced...
aggregate measurement of this kinetic energy transfer is defined as thermal energy and occurs only when there is differential in the temperature of the water...