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Safi
Shah Safi I of Persia on horseback carrying a mace
Shah of Iran
Reign
28 January 1629 – 12 May 1642
Coronation
29 January 1629
Predecessor
Abbas I
Successor
Abbas II
Born
1611
Died
12 May 1642 (aged 30/31) Kashan, Iran
Burial
Fatima Masumeh Shrine, Qom, Iran
Spouse
Anna Khanum
Princess Tinatin
House
Safavi
Father
Mohammad Baqer Mirza
Mother
Dilaram Khanum
Sam Mirza (Persian: سام میرزا) (1611 – 12 May 1642), known by his dynastic name of Shah Safi (Persian: شاه صفی), was the sixth shah of Safavid Iran, ruling from 1629 to 1642. Abbas the Great was succeeded by his grandson, Safi.[1] A reclusive and passive character, Safi was unable to fill the power vacuum which his grandfather had left behind. His officials undermined his authority and revolts constantly broke out across the realm. The continuing war with the Ottoman Empire, started with initial success during Abbas the Great's reign, but ended with the humiliating defeat of Iran and the Treaty of Zuhab, which returned much of Iran's conquests in Mesopotamia to the Ottomans.[2]
In order to assert his authority, Safi purged every potential claimant to his throne, including the sons of the Safavid princesses, and the sons of Abbas the Great, who were blinded and thus were unqualified to rule. The purge also saw the deaths of the leading figures of the realm.[3] An example of Safi's cruelty occurred on the night of 20 February 1632, also known as the bloody Ma'bas, in which he had forty females of the harem put to death. The last act of his bloodshed was the killing of his grand vizier, Mirza Taleb Khan, who was replaced with a ghulam (military slave) named Mirza Mohammad Taqi Khan, more famously known as Saru Taqi.[4]
As a eunuch, Saru Taqi had access to the royal harem, and used this ability to forge relations with the shah's concubines. He influenced Safi, persuading him to increase the royal domains by passing the Fars province to the crown demesne.[5] He imposed heavy taxes throughout the realm, especially on Isfahan's Armenian population, and investigated the revenue flows of the previous governor of Gilan.[6] He was described as greedy and was accused by Western observers of accepting bribes.[5] In 1634, Saru Taqi appointed his brother, Mohammad Saleh Beg, as the governor of Mazandaran to counteract the Mar'ashi Sayyid line. Saru Taqi's family held the province's governorship until the end of Safi's reign.[7]
Safi died from excessive drinking on 12 May 1642, leaving behind a country smaller than it was when he inherited it. A weak-minded man lacking charisma, Safi manifested many problems that later plagued the Safavid empire during its decline, one of them being not preparing the crown prince for rule. He excluded the Qizilbash influence in Safavid bureaucracy,[8] and instead allowed a coalition of concubines, eunuchs and ghulams to hold power during the last decade of his reign.[9]
name of Shah Safi (Persian: شاه صفی), was the sixth shah of Safavid Iran, ruling from 1629 to 1642. Abbas the Great was succeeded by his grandson, Safi. A...
– 26 October 1666) was the seventh Shah of Safavid Iran, ruling from 1642 to 1666. As the eldest son ofSafi and his Circassian wife, Anna Khanum, he...
Mirza succeeded his grandfather Abbas the Great and became known as SafiofPersia. Bomati & Nahavandi 1998, p. 235 "ČARKAS". Archived from the original...
consort of the Safavid king Safi (r. 1629–1642). She was the mother of her husband's successor, King Abbas II (r. 1642–1666). Anna Khanum was of Circassian...
(died 1632) was the daughter of shah Abbas the Great ofPersia (r. 1588–1629). She was the aunt of shah SafiofPersia (r. 1629–1642). She played a political...
and 1637 Frederick III sent an embassy to Tsar Michael I of Russia and to Shah SafiofPersia with a view to setting up Friedrichstadt as a European trade...
monarchs of Iran (Persia) from the establishment of the Medes around 678 BC until the deposition of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979. Note: Ancient Persia is generally...
Cradle of Western Civilization. Oxford University Press. p. 102. ISBN 978-0-19-998212-7. Ctesias, the Greek physician to Artaxerxes, the king ofPersia, gives...
Somali Shiites as heretic due to the ongoing Safavid-Ottoman War against SafiofPersia. Although there has never been a comprehensive census in Somalia that...
Safavid era during the rule of Shah Abbas I, but it was completed in the 17th century, during the rule ofSafiofPersia. The dome of the Imamzadeh is decorated...
Safiqoli Khan (also spelled Safi Qoli; died 1632) was a Safavid official of Georgian origin, who served as the governor (hakem) of Lar in 1629-1630 (1st tenure)...
A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.). London: Frederick Warne & Co. Henry Smith Williams, ed. (1908). "Chronological Summary of the History ofPersia". Historians'...
They trace their descent from one Seyyed Mohammad Khan Razavi, who served as Vizier to Shah SafiofPersia in the 17th century. [citation needed] v t e...
mausoleum over his grave with a conical dome. During the reign of Safavid ruler SafiofPersia, the building was renovated by a local patron. Rectangular...
Safavid Iran or Safavid Persia (/ˈsæfəvɪd, ˈsɑː-/), also referred to as the Safavid Empire, was one of the largest and long-standing Iranian empires after...
founded by the Kurdish mystic Safi-ad-Din Ardabili (1252–1334). It held a prominent place in the society and politics of northwestern Iran in the fourteenth...
especially by Qajar's dynasty. The bridge was constructed by the order of Shah SafiofPersia, on the route from Sanandaj to Hamedan. Two centuries later, when...
1988, p. 35. Massignon 1982, p. 162. Safi 2006, p. 67. Lambton, A.K.S. (1988). Continuity and Change in Medieval Persia. Bibliotheca Persica. Bibliotheca...
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