Global InformationSaccharibacteria information
| Saccharibacteria | |
|---|---|
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| Ca. Nanosynbacter lyticus (aka TM7x, green) and bacterial hosts (red). Scale bars are 5 μm. | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Bacteria
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| (unranked): | CPR group
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| Phylum: | Saccharibacteria Albertsen et al. 2013
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| Class: | "Saccharimonadia" corrig. McLean et al. 2020
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| Order: | "Saccharimonadales" corrig. McLean et al. 2020
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| Famlies | |
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| Synonyms | |
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Saccharibacteria, formerly known as TM7,[1] is a major bacterial lineage. It was discovered through 16S rRNA sequencing . [2]
TM7x from the human oral cavity was cultivated and revealed that TM7x is an extremely small coccus (200-300 nm) and has a distinctive lifestyle not previously observed in human-associated microbes.[3] It is an obligate epibiont of various hosts, including Actinomyces odontolyticus strain (XH001) yet also has a parasitic phase thereby killing its host. The full genome sequence revealed a highly reduced genome (705kB) [4] and a complete lack of amino acid biosynthetic capacity. An axenic culture of TM7 from the oral cavity was reported in 2014 but no sequence or culture was made available.[5]
Along with Candidate Phylum TM6,[6] it was named after sequences obtained in 1994 in an environmental study of a soil sample of peat bog in Germany where 262 PCR amplified 16S rDNA fragments were cloned into a plasmid vector, named TM clones for Torf, Mittlere Schicht (lit. peat, middle layer).[7] It has been found in several environments since such as from activated sludges,[8][9] water treatment plant sludge[10] rainforest soil,[11] human saliva,[12][13] in association with sponges,[14] cockroaches,[15] gold mines,[16] acetate-amended aquifer sediment,[17] and other environments (bar thermophilic), making it an abundant and widespread phylum. Recently, TM7 rDNA and whole-cells were detected in activated sludge with >99.7% identity to a human skin TM7 and 98.6% identity to the human oral TM7a,[18] suggesting metabolically active TM7 isolates in environmental sites may serve as model organisms to investigate the role TM7 species play in human health.
- ^ Sayers; et al. "Saccharibacteria". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2021-03-20.
- ^ Pace, N. R. (2009). "Mapping the Tree of Life: Progress and Prospects". Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 73 (4): 565–576. doi:10.1128/MMBR.00033-09. PMC 2786576. PMID 19946133.
- ^ He, Xuesong; McLean, Jeffrey S.; Edlund, Anna; Yooseph, Shibu; Hall, Adam P.; Liu, Su-Yang; Dorrestein, Pieter C.; Esquenazi, Eduardo; Hunter, Ryan C. (2015-01-06). "Cultivation of a human-associated TM7 phylotype reveals a reduced genome and epibiotic parasitic lifestyle". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (1): 244–249. Bibcode:2015PNAS..112..244H. doi:10.1073/pnas.1419038112. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4291631. PMID 25535390.
- ^ "Candidatus Saccharibacteria oral taxon TM7x (ID 241438) - BioProject - NCBI".
- ^ Soro, V. (2014). "Axenic Culture of a Candidate Division TM7 Bacterium from the Human Oral Cavity and Biofilm Interactions with Other Oral Bacteria". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 80 (20): 6480–6489. Bibcode:2014ApEnM..80.6480S. doi:10.1128/AEM.01827-14. PMC 4178647. PMID 25107981.
- ^ McLean, Jeffrey S.; Lombardo, Mary-Jane; Badger, Jonathan H.; Edlund, Anna; Novotny, Mark; Yee-Greenbaum, Joyclyn; Vyahhi, Nikolay; Hall, Adam P.; Yang, Youngik (2013-06-25). "Candidate phylum TM6 genome recovered from a hospital sink biofilm provides genomic insights into this uncultivated phylum". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 110 (26): E2390–E2399. Bibcode:2013PNAS..110E2390M. doi:10.1073/pnas.1219809110. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3696752. PMID 23754396.
- ^ Rheims, H.; Rainey, F. A.; Stackebrandt, E. (1996). "A molecular approach to search for diversity among bacteria in the environment". Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology. 17 (3–4): 159–169. doi:10.1007/BF01574689. S2CID 31868442.
- ^ Bond, PL; Hugenholtz, P; Keller, J; Blackall, LL (1995). "Bacterial community structures of phosphate-removing and non-phosphate-removing activated sludges from sequencing batch reactors". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 61 (5): 1910–6. Bibcode:1995ApEnM..61.1910B. doi:10.1128/AEM.61.5.1910-1916.1995. PMC 167453. PMID 7544094.
- ^ Godon, JJ; Zumstein, E; Dabert, P; Habouzit, F; Moletta, R (1997). "Molecular microbial diversity of an anaerobic digestor as determined by small-subunit rDNA sequence analysis". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 63 (7): 2802–13. Bibcode:1997ApEnM..63.2802G. doi:10.1128/AEM.63.7.2802-2813.1997. PMC 168577. PMID 9212428.
- ^ Hugenholtz, P.; Tyson, G. W.; Webb, R. I.; Wagner, A. M.; Blackall, L. L. (2001). "Investigation of Candidate Division TM7, a Recently Recognized Major Lineage of the Domain Bacteria with No Known Pure-Culture Representatives". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 67 (1): 411–419. Bibcode:2001ApEnM..67..411H. doi:10.1128/AEM.67.1.411-419.2001. PMC 92593. PMID 11133473.
- ^ Borneman, J; Triplett, EW (1997). "Molecular microbial diversity in soils from eastern Amazonia: evidence for unusual microorganisms and microbial population shifts associated with deforestation". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 63 (7): 2647–53. Bibcode:1997ApEnM..63.2647B. doi:10.1128/AEM.63.7.2647-2653.1997. PMC 168563. PMID 9212415.
- ^ Lazarevic, V.; Whiteson, K.; Hernandez, D.; Francois, P.; Schrenzel, J. (2010). "Study of inter- and intra-individual variations in the salivary microbiota". BMC Genomics. 11: 523. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-11-523. PMC 2997015. PMID 20920195.
- ^ Dewhirst, F. E.; Chen, T.; Izard, J.; Paster, B. J.; Tanner, A. C. R.; Yu, W. -H.; Lakshmanan, A.; Wade, W. G. (2010). "The Human Oral Microbiome". Journal of Bacteriology. 192 (19): 5002–5017. doi:10.1128/JB.00542-10. PMC 2944498. PMID 20656903.
- ^ Thiel, V.; Leininger, S.; Schmaljohann, R.; Brümmer, F.; Imhoff, J. F. (2007). "Sponge-specific Bacterial Associations of the Mediterranean Sponge Chondrilla nucula (Demospongiae, Tetractinomorpha)". Microbial Ecology. 54 (1): 101–111. doi:10.1007/s00248-006-9177-y. PMID 17364249. S2CID 34564973.
- ^ Berlanga, M; Paster, BJ; Guerrero, R (2009). "The taxophysiological paradox: changes in the intestinal microbiota of the xylophagous cockroach Cryptocercus punctulatus depending on the physiological state of the host". International Microbiology. 12 (4): 227–36. PMID 20112227.
- ^ Rastogi, G.; Stetler, L. D.; Peyton, B. M.; Sani, R. K. (2009). "Molecular analysis of prokaryotic diversity in the deep subsurface of the former Homestake gold mine, South Dakota, USA". The Journal of Microbiology. 47 (4): 371–384. doi:10.1007/s12275-008-0249-1. PMID 19763410. S2CID 7972151.
- ^ Kantor, Rose S.; Wrighton, Kelly C.; Handley, Kim M.; Sharon, Itai; Hug, Laura A.; Castelle, Cindy J.; Thomas, Brian C.; Banfield, Jillian F. (2013-01-01). "Small genomes and sparse metabolisms of sediment-associated bacteria from four candidate phyla". mBio. 4 (5): e00708–00713. doi:10.1128/mBio.00708-13. ISSN 2150-7511. PMC 3812714. PMID 24149512.
- ^ Dinis, J. M.; Barton, D. E.; Ghadiri, J.; Surendar, D.; Reddy, K.; Velasquez, F.; Chaffee, C. L.; Lee, M. C. W.; Gavrilova, H.; Ozuna, H.; Smits, S. A.; Ouverney, C. C. (2011). Yang, Ching-Hong (ed.). "In Search of an Uncultured Human-Associated TM7 Bacterium in the Environment". PLOS ONE. 6 (6): e21280. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...621280D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0021280. PMC 3118805. PMID 21701585.