The ST staple is a common four- or five-amino acid residue motif in proteins and polypeptides with serine or threonine as the C-terminal residue.[1][2] It is characterized by a single hydrogen bond between the hydroxyl group of the serine or threonine (at residue i + 3 or i + 4) and the main chain carbonyl group of residue i. Motifs are of two types, depending whether the motif has 4 or 5 residues. Most ST staples occur in conjunction with an alpha helix, and are usually associated with a slight bend in the helix. Two websites are available for finding and examining ST staples in proteins: Motivated Proteins[3] and PDBeMotif.[4]
Five residue ST staple. This pentapeptide shows a C-terminal threonine plus the main chain atoms of the four preceding residues. Hydrogen atoms plus some terminal main chain atoms are omitted. Carbon grey, oxygen red and nitrogen blue. The hydrogen bond is shown as a grey dotted line.
^Gray, TM; Matthews BW (1984). "Intrahelical hydrogen bonding of serine, threonine and cysteine residues within α-helices. Relevance to membrane-bound proteins". Journal of Molecular Biology. 175 (1): 75–82. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(84)90446-7. PMID 6427470.
^Ballesteros, JA; Deupi X (2000). "Serine and threonine residues bend alpha-helices in the chi(1) 5 g(-) conformation". Biophysical Journal. 79 (5): 2754–2760. Bibcode:2000BpJ....79.2754B. doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(00)76514-3. PMC 1301156. PMID 11053148.
^Leader, DP; Milner-White EJ (2009). "Motivated Proteins: A web application for studying small three-dimensional protein motifs". BMC Bioinformatics. 10 (1): 60. doi:10.1186/1471-2105-10-60. PMC 2651126. PMID 19210785.
^Golovin, A; Henrick K (2008). "MSDmotif: exploring protein sites and motifs". BMC Bioinformatics. 9 (1): 312. doi:10.1186/1471-2105-9-312. PMC 2491636. PMID 18637174.
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