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SPARQL
Paradigm
Query language
Developer
W3C
First appeared
2008; 16 years ago (2008)
Stable release
1.1
/ 21 March 2013; 11 years ago (2013-03-21)
Website
www.w3.org/TR/sparql11-query/
Major implementations
Jena,[1] OpenLink Virtuoso[1]
SPARQL (pronounced "sparkle", a recursive acronym[2] for SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language) is an RDF query language—that is, a semantic query language for databases—able to retrieve and manipulate data stored in Resource Description Framework (RDF) format.[3][4] It was made a standard by the RDF Data Access Working Group (DAWG) of the World Wide Web Consortium, and is recognized as one of the key technologies of the semantic web. On 15 January 2008, SPARQL 1.0 was acknowledged by W3C as an official recommendation,[5][6] and SPARQL 1.1 in March, 2013.[7]
SPARQL allows for a query to consist of triple patterns, conjunctions, disjunctions, and optional patterns.[8]
Implementations for multiple programming languages exist.[9] There exist tools that allow one to connect and semi-automatically construct a SPARQL query for a SPARQL endpoint, for example ViziQuer.[10]
In addition, tools exist to translate SPARQL queries to other query languages, for example to SQL[11] and to XQuery.[12]
^ abHebeler, John; Fisher, Matthew; Blace, Ryan; Perez-Lopez, Andrew (2009). Semantic Web Programming. Indianapolis, Indiana: John Wiley & Sons. p. 406. ISBN 978-0-470-41801-7.
^Beckett, Dave (6 October 2011). "What does SPARQL stand for?". semantic-web@w3.org.
^Jim Rapoza (2 May 2006). "SPARQL Will Make the Web Shine". eWeek. Retrieved 17 January 2007.
^Segaran, Toby; Evans, Colin; Taylor, Jamie (2009). Programming the Semantic Web. O’Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-596-15381-6.
^"W3C Semantic Web Activity News – SPARQL is a Recommendation". W3.org. 15 January 2008. Archived from the original on 20 January 2008. Retrieved 1 October 2009.
^"XML and Semantic Web W3C Standards Timeline" (PDF). 4 February 2012. Retrieved 27 November 2013.
^"Eleven SPARQL 1.1 Specifications are W3C Recommendations". w3.org. 21 March 2013. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
^"XML and Web Services in the News". xml.org. 6 October 2006. Retrieved 17 January 2007.
^"SparqlImplementations – ESW Wiki". Esw.w3.org. Retrieved 1 October 2009.
^"ViziQuer a tool to construct SPARQL queries automatically". lumii.lv. Retrieved 25 February 2011.
^"D2R Server". Retrieved 4 February 2012.
^"SPARQL2XQuery Framework". Retrieved 4 February 2012.
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