Computer program for understanding natural language
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations.(February 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
For the letter sequence sometimes seen as a printer's error, see etaoin shrdlu.
Original author(s)
Terry Winograd
Initial release
1968
Written in
Micro Planner, Lisp programming language
Operating system
PDP-6
Platform
DEC
Type
natural-language understanding
SHRDLU is an early natural-language understanding computer program that was developed by Terry Winograd at MIT in 1968–1970. In the program, the user carries on a conversation with the computer, moving objects, naming collections and querying the state of a simplified "blocks world", essentially a virtual box filled with different blocks.[1]
SHRDLU was written in the Micro Planner and Lisp programming language on the DEC PDP-6 computer and a DEC graphics terminal. Later additions were made at the computer graphics labs at the University of Utah, adding a full 3D rendering of SHRDLU's "world".
The name SHRDLU was derived from ETAOIN SHRDLU, the arrangement of the letter keys on a Linotype machine, arranged in descending order of usage frequency in English.
^Winograd, Terry (1971-01-01). "Procedures as a Representation for Data in a Computer Program for Understanding Natural Language". hdl:1721.1/7095. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Etaoin shrdlu (/ˈɛtiɔɪn ˈʃɜːrdluː/, /ˈeɪtɑːn ʃrədˈluː/) is a nonsense phrase that sometimes appeared by accident in print in the days of "hot type" publishing...
SHRDLU is an early natural-language understanding computer program that was developed by Terry Winograd at MIT in 1968–1970. In the program, the user carries...
natural language using the SHRDLU program. Winograd grew up in Colorado and graduated from Colorado College in 1966. He wrote SHRDLU as a PhD thesis at MIT...
number of years. In 1971, Terry Winograd finished writing SHRDLU for his PhD thesis at MIT. SHRDLU could understand simple English sentences in a restricted...
worse pains. Asemic writing – Wordless open semantic form of writing Etaoin shrdlu – Common metal-type printing error Gibberish – Nonsensical language Hamburgevons –...
once, such as "Mr. Jock, TV quiz PhD, bags few lynx". Filler text Etaoin shrdlu – Common metal-type printing error Lorem ipsum – Placeholder text used in...
Bobrow's STUDENT, Newell and Simon's Logic Theorist and Terry Winograd's SHRDLU. Russell and Norvig write: "in almost all cases, these early systems failed...
keyboard classes, since all four keys are located on Home row. "Etaoin shrdlu" is the approximate order of frequency of the twelve most commonly used...
EE, TT, and FF are the most common repeats. The nonsense phrase "ETAOIN SHRDLU" represents the 12 most frequent letters in typical English language text...
language assumed the letter order, from most to least common, to be etaoin shrdlu cmfwyp vbgkqj xz based on the experience and custom of manual compositors...
these two columns, thus filling out the line with the nonsense words etaoin shrdlu, in what is known as a "run down". It is often quicker to cast a bad slug...
have suffered from irreparable software rot. For example, the original SHRDLU program (an early natural language understanding program) cannot be run...
successful natural language processing systems developed in the 1960s were SHRDLU, a natural language system working in restricted "blocks worlds" with restricted...
patronizing hand." Loeb Weiss' 1980 half-hour documentary Farewell, Etaoin Shrdlu documents the transition of the New York Times from a traditional Linotype...
1968 The Magus Anton 1969 Alfred the Great Æthelstan The Adding Machine Shrdlu 1970 The Last Grenade Andy Royal The Rise and Rise of Michael Rimmer Colonel...
developed. Some notably successful NLP systems developed in the 1960s were SHRDLU, a natural language system working in restricted "blocks worlds" with restricted...
Winograd's SHRDLU, which could successfully answer queries and carry out actions in a simplified world consisting of blocks and a robot arm. SHRDLU, while...
developed as a narrative work, the software programs ELIZA (1964–1966) and SHRDLU (1968–1970) can formally be considered early examples of interactive fiction...
children's blocks, in a coupling of his language understanding program, SHRDLU, with a robot arm that carried out instructions typed in English. Work on...
worker robot domain and the monkey and banana problem. Terry Winograd's SHRDLU Patrick Winston's Learning Structural Descriptions from Examples and Copy...
T. The ten two-hole letters are AOINSHRDLZ, very similar to the "Etaoin shrdlu" order used in Linotype machines. Ten more letters, BCGFJMPUWY, have three...
Machine learning ImageNet MNIST database List Typography (filler text) Etaoin shrdlu Hamburgevons Lorem ipsum The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog Other...
Learning Open Mind Common Sense Semantic Web Suggested Upper Merged Ontology SHRDLU True Knowledge UMBEL Wolfram Alpha YAGO Lenat, Douglas B.; Brown, John Seely...
heaven-like setting known as the "Elysian Fields." Mr. Zero meets a man named Shrdlu, then begins to operate an adding machine until Lieutenant Charles, the...
Global Information