Brown, reddish brown, blood red, red, brownish yellow, pale yellow, yellow, pale blue, violet, rarely grass-green, grayish black; black if high in Nb–Ta
Crystal habit
Acicular to Prismatic crystals, elongated and striated parallel to [001]
Twinning
Common on {011}, or {031}; as contact twins with two, six, or eight individuals, cyclic, polysynthetic
Cleavage
{110} good, {100} moderate, parting on {092} and {011}
Fracture
Uneven to sub-conchoidal
Mohs scale hardness
6.0–6.5
Luster
Adamantine to metallic
Streak
Bright red to dark red
Diaphaneity
Opaque, transparent in thin fragments
Specific gravity
4.23 increasing with Nb–Ta content
Optical properties
Uniaxial (+)
Refractive index
nω = 2.613, nε = 2.909 (589 nm)
Birefringence
0.296 (589 nm)
Pleochroism
Weak to distinct brownish red-green-yellow
Dispersion
Strong
Fusibility
Fusible in alkali carbonates
Solubility
Insoluble in acids
Common impurities
Fe, Nb, Ta
Other characteristics
Strongly anisotropic
References
[2][3][4][5]
Rutile is an oxide mineral composed of titanium dioxide (TiO2), the most common natural form of TiO2. Rarer polymorphs of TiO2 are known, including anatase, akaogiite, and brookite.
Rutile has one of the highest refractive indices at visible wavelengths of any known crystal and also exhibits a particularly large birefringence and high dispersion. Owing to these properties, it is useful for the manufacture of certain optical elements, especially polarization optics, for longer visible and infrared wavelengths up to about 4.5 micrometres. Natural rutile may contain up to 10% iron and significant amounts of niobium and tantalum.
Rutile derives its name from the Latin rutilus ('red'), in reference to the deep red color observed in some specimens when viewed by transmitted light. Rutile was first described in 1803 by Abraham Gottlob Werner using specimens obtained in Horcajuelo de la Sierra, Madrid (Spain),[6] which is consequently the type locality.
^Klein, Cornelis and Cornelius S. Hurlbut, 1985, Manual of Mineralogy, 20th ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp. 304–05, ISBN 0-471-80580-7.
^Calvo, Miguel (2009). Minerales y Minas de España. Vol. IV. Óxidos e hidróxidos (in Spanish). Madrid, Spain: Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas de Madrid. Fundación Gómez Pardo. p. 237.
Rutile is an oxide mineral composed of titanium dioxide (TiO2), the most common natural form of TiO2. Rarer polymorphs of TiO2 are known, including anatase...
turn are bonded to three Ti centers. The overall crystal structures of rutile and anatase are tetragonal in symmetry whereas brookite is orthorhombic...
Cochin Minerals and Rutile Limited (CMRL) (BSE: 513353) is a publicly listed chemicals company based in Kochi, Kerala, India. The company was founded in...
compositionally may also exhibit epitaxy. A common example is rutile TiO2 on hematite Fe2O3. Rutile is tetragonal and hematite is trigonal, but there are directions...
titanium dioxide are known to occur naturally: brookite, akaogiite, and rutile, with rutile being the most common and most stable of the bunch. Anatase is formed...
kimberlites as part of the MARID association of minerals (mica-amphibole-rutile-ilmenite-diopside) assemblage of glimmerite xenoliths. Manganiferous ilmenite...
Sierra Rutile Limited (Titanium Resources Group Ltd. until 2011) is a mining company with headquarters based in Freetown, Sierra Leone. The company currently...
mythology. The element occurs within a number of minerals, principally rutile and ilmenite, which are widely distributed in the Earth's crust and lithosphere;...
vermiculite. It is the second largest producer of ilmenite, palladium, rutile and zirconium. It is the world's third largest coal exporter. It is a huge...
rutile and synthetic rutile globally. Iluka mines heavy mineral sands and separates the concentrate into its individual mineral constituents rutile,...
clear stone will command a premium, but a ruby without any needle-like rutile inclusions may indicate that the stone has been treated. Ruby is the traditional...
akaogiite (monoclinic), anatase (tetragonal) and rutile (tetragonal). Brookite is rare compared to anatase and rutile and, like these forms, it exhibits photocatalytic...
of other artificial materials, such as strontium titanate and synthetic rutile have been developed since the mid-1950s, but these are no longer in common...
Kanyakumari district. It produces/sells six heavy minerals namely ilmenite, rutile, zircon, monazite, sillimanite, and garnet as well as various value added...
induced by the presence of the mineral rutile, a mineral primarily composed of titanium dioxide. These rutile precipitates align perpendicularly, contributing...
insoluble in all solvents MgF2 −2922 kJ/mol rutile contrast with Mg2+O2- TiO2 −12150 kJ/mol rutile TiO2 (rutile) and some other M4+(O2-)2 compounds are refractory...
revenue in 2008. The main minerals mined in Sierra Leone are diamonds, rutile, bauxite, gold, iron and limonite. Mining in Sierra Leone has been seen...
a variety of quartz which contains acicular (needle-like) inclusions of rutile. It is used for gemstones. These inclusions mostly look golden, but they...
in color, but loses some of the rutile inclusions (silk). When high temperatures (1400 °C+) are used, exsolved rutile silk is dissolved and it becomes...
through the ZTR index. Common heavy minerals include zircon, tourmaline, rutile (hence ZTR), garnet, magnetite, or other dense, resistant minerals derived...
xenotime, and bastnaesite Quartz from the region include Astrophyllite and Riebeckite fibers. The image shows bastnaesite crystal infused with rutile....
effect. Rutile (TiO2) frequently exhibits a prismatic or acicular growth habit. In the presence of alkali dopants or a solid-state ZrSiO4 dopant, rutile has...
minerals. It varies in color from yellow to brown. It consists mainly of rutile or anatase. It is observed in some igneous rocks and iron ore deposits as...
Japanese manga series by Ori Mita. It is serialized in the yaoi manga magazine Rutile from November 21, 2015, to January 21, 2017. A live-action television drama...
of earlier synthetics, such as synthetic strontium titanate, synthetic rutile, YAG (yttrium aluminium garnet) and GGG (gadolinium gallium garnet). Some...
diamond trade. Sierra Leone has one of the world's largest deposits of rutile, a titanium ore used as paint pigment and welding rod coatings. There are...
Graven from Final Space, Cassie Rose from Minecraft: Story Mode and the Rutile Twins from Steven Universe. Burch grew up in Phoenix, Arizona, and has an...
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