Migratory pattern of people from rural to urban areas
Rural Society
Rural economics
Rural area
Rural crafts
India
Rural development
Rural delivery service
Rural electrification
Rural Internet
Rural health
Rural housing
Rural poverty
Reservation poverty
Rural ghetto
Rural People
Farmers
Family farmers
Farmworkers
Indigenous peoples
Pastoralists
Peasantry
Smallholders
Rural women
in Agriculture
Rural society
Agrarian society
Rural diversity
Rural flight
Rural sociology
Types of rural communities
Rural tourism
Agricultural tourism
By Country
Canada
China
Laos
United States
Rural history
Agricultural history
Regional history
Rural politics
Agrarianism
Agrarian socialism
Rural parliament
Peasant movement
Via Campesina
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants
v
t
e
Rural flight (also known as rural-to-urban migration, rural depopulation, or rural exodus) is the migratory pattern of people from rural areas into urban areas. It is urbanization seen from the rural perspective.
In industrializing economies like Britain in the eighteenth century or East Asia in the twentieth century, it can occur following the industrialization of primary industries such as agriculture, mining, fishing, and forestry—when fewer people are needed to bring the same amount of output to market—and related secondary industries (refining and processing) are consolidated. Rural exodus can also follow an ecological or human-caused catastrophe such as a famine or resource depletion. These are examples of push factors.
The same phenomenon can also be brought about simply because of higher wages and educational access available in urban areas; examples of pull factors.
Once rural populations fall below a critical mass, the population is too small to support certain businesses, which then also leave or close, in a vicious circle. Even in non-market sectors of the economy, providing services to smaller and more dispersed populations becomes proportionately more expensive for governments, which can lead to closures of state-funded offices and services, which further harm the rural economy. Schools are the archetypal example because they influence the decisions of parents of young children: a village or region without a school will typically lose families to larger towns that have one. But the concept (urban hierarchy) can be applied more generally to many services and is explained by central place theory.
Government policies to combat rural flight include campaigns to expand services to the countryside, such as electrification or distance education. Governments can also use restrictions like internal passports to make rural flight illegal. Economic conditions that can counter rural depopulation include commodities booms, the expansion of outdoor-focused tourism, and a shift to remote work, or exurbanization. To some extent, governments generally seek only to manage rural flight and channel it into certain cities, rather than stop it outright as this would imply taking on the expensive task of building airports, railways, hospitals, and universities in places with few users to support them, while neglecting growing urban and suburban areas.
Ruralflight (also known as rural-to-urban migration, rural depopulation, or rural exodus) is the migratory pattern of people from rural areas into urban...
encouraging urbanization have led to significant demographic declines, called ruralflight, where economic incentives encourage younger populations to go to cities...
electrification, rural communities will be able to reap considerable amounts of economic and social development. Ruralflight (also known as rural-to-urban migration...
in many rural areas has declined in South Dakota, in common with other Great Plains states. The change has been characterized as "ruralflight" as family...
populations are older than in other parts of the United States because of ruralflight, declining infrastructure, and fewer economic prospects. The declining...
development RIGA Project RuralflightRural sociology Rural management Urban development Moseley, Malcolm J. (2003). Rural development : principles and...
states. "Ruralflight" as it is called has led to offers of free land and tax breaks as enticements to newcomers. The effect of ruralflight has not been...
California gaining statehood in 1850, with a population of about 90,000. Ruralflight is the departure of excess populations (usually young men and women)...
urbanization rates in places like China and India. Ruralflight is a contributing factor to urbanization. In rural areas, often on small family farms or collective...
news program 20/20 about rural poverty. Poverty in the United States Reservation poverty Rural development RuralflightRural sociology "Broken Heartland:...
Ruralflight in Ethiopia has shaped the country socioeconomic, cultural, political and urban way of life. Many migrants migrated from rural areas to urban...
Rural sociology is a field of sociology traditionally associated with the study of social structure and conflict in rural areas. It is an active academic...
Rural tourism is a tourism that focuses on actively participating in a rural lifestyle. It can be a variant of ecotourism. Many villages can facilitate...
1970s. Since the days of the rural municipality, Vantaa has rapidly developed to its current form because of ruralflight and good traffic connections...
and high school students. Rural Youth Europe is a non-governmental organization for European youths to create awareness of rural environmental and agriculture...
factors of rural society, rural economy, and political systems that give rise to the marginalization and economic disadvantage found there. Rural areas, because...
in turn, affect biodiversity. While overpopulation locally leads to ruralflight, this is more than counterbalanced by accelerating urbanization and urban...
the depopulation of the Great Plains, caused by a very high rate of ruralflight from isolated agricultural counties, has been going on since the 1930s...
reflects national and geographical differences in cultures, rural land tenure, and rural economies, as well as the different purposes for which definitions...
technology. Malthusian deterioration, under-employment and a decline in rural and lower-class urban standards of living, ensued. Agrarian societies are...
Rural electrification is the process of bringing electrical power to rural and remote areas. Rural communities are suffering from colossal market failures...
potential dangers associated with testing such rockets. Five thinly populated rural Mississippi communities (Gainesville, Logtown, Napoleon, Santa Rosa, and...
not only a city but also the surrounding suburban, exurban and sometimes rural areas, all of which the city is presumed to influence. A polycentric metropolitan...
In historiography, rural history is a field of study focusing on the history of societies in rural areas. At its inception, the field was based on the...
Rural areas in Canada, often called rural Canada, generally refers to areas in Canada outside of census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations,...
Rural crafts refers to the traditional crafts production that is carried on, simply for everyday practical use, in the agricultural countryside. Once...
twentieth century. Since the 1950s, Rennes has grown in importance through ruralflight and modern industrial development, partly in the automotive sector. The...