Global InformationRule based DFM analysis for forging information
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Rule based DFM analysis for forging is the controlled deformation of metal into a specific shape by compressive forces. The forging process goes back to 8000 B.C. and evolved from the manual art of simple blacksmithing. Then as now, a series of compressive hammer blows performs the shaping or forging of the part. Modern forging uses machine driven impact hammers or presses that deforms the work-piece by controlled pressure.[1][2][3][4]
The forging process is superior to casting in that the parts formed have denser microstructures, more defined grain patterns, and less porosity, making such parts much stronger than a casting. All metals and alloys are forgeable, but each will have a forgeability rating from high to low or poor. The factors involved are the material's composition, crystal structure and mechanical properties all considered within a temperature range. The wider the temperature range, the higher the forgeability rating. Most forging is done on heated work-pieces. Cold forging can occur at room temperatures. The most forgeable materials are aluminum,[5] copper, and magnesium. Lower ratings are applied to the various steels, nickel, and titanium alloys. Hot forging temperatures range from 93 to 1,650 °C (199 to 3,002 °F) for refractory metals.[6][7]
- ^ "Metal Forging Processes, Methods, and Applications | TFGUSA". 12 September 2023.
- ^ Semiatin, S. L.; Lahoti, G. D. (1981). "The Forging of Metals". Scientific American. 245 (2): 98–107. Bibcode:1981SciAm.245b..98S. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0881-98. JSTOR 24964540.
- ^ "Fundamental Manufacturing Processes Study Guide". Society of Manufacturing Engineers.
- ^ https://www.sdmanufacturing.com/assets/files/Educator-Guide.pdf.
{{cite news}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ Arum Fanani, Elvira Wahyu; Surojo, Eko; Prabowo, Aditya Rio; Ariawan, Dody; Akbar, Hammar Ilham (2021). "Recent Development in Aluminum Matrix Composite Forging: Effect on the Mechanical and Physical Properties". Procedia Structural Integrity. 33: 3–10. doi:10.1016/j.prostr.2021.10.002.
- ^ Altan, Taylan; Ngaile, Gracious; Shen, Gangshu (2005). Cold and Hot Forging Fundamentals and Applications. ASM International.
- ^ Semiatin, S.L., ed. (2005). Metalworking: Bulk Forming. doi:10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.9781627081856. ISBN 978-1-62708-185-6.