Romanian military intervention in Bessarabia information
1918 invasion and annexation of Bessarabia by the Kingdom of Romania during the Russian Civil War
Romanian military intervention in Bessarabia
Part of the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
Romanian general Ernest Broșteanu in Bessarabia during 1918
Date
19 January – 8 March 1918
Location
Bessarabia
Result
Romanian victory
Removal of the Bolsheviks and restoration of the Moldavian Democratic Republic
Moldavian Assembly declares independence and two months later proclaims union with Romania
Territorial changes
Romanian occupation of central and southern Bessarabia
Austro-Hungarian occupation of northern Bessarabia
Belligerents
Kingdom of Romania Volunteer Corps of Transylvanians-Bukovinians Moldavian Democratic Republic (anti-Bolshevik factions) Russian Republic Ukrainian People's Republic Diplomatic support: France United Kingdom
German Empire Austria-Hungary
Rumcherod (19–30 January) Moldavian Democratic Republic (pro-Bolshevik factions) (19 Jan.–early Feb.) Odessa SR (30 January–8 March) Romanian Revolutionary Military Committee (Feb.)
Odessa Committee for the Salvation of Bessarabia [ro]
Commanders and leaders
Ernest Broșteanu Dmitry Shcherbachev
Evgeny Venediktov [ru] Filipp Levenson [ru] Grigory Kotovsky Anatol Popa Grigore Borisov [ru] Anatoli Zhelezniakov Mikhail Muravyov Petr Lazarev Vasile Rudiev [ru]† Ivan Krivorukov [ru]
Alexander Schmidt[1]
Strength
800-1,000 Transylvanian volunteers c. 50,000 Romanian regular troops Danube Flotilla
c. 6,000 in Chișinău over 1,000 in Bălți c. 1,000 in Vâlcov c. 2,000 in Akkerman 3 infantry regiments 1 infantry battalion 2 hussar regiments 2 cavalry regiments 2 cavalry squadrons 1 railroad battalion 1 artillery brigade 1 machine-gun company 1 automobile company several Red Guards detachments 500 Romanian volunteers several military vessels
Casualties and losses
c. 150 killed c. 2,100 captured 2 floating batteries captured
>1,500-2,000 killed
v
t
e
Romanian Campaign
1916 Campaign
Transylvania
Northern front
Sibiu (offensive)
Petroșani (offensive)
Șelimbăr
Livadia
Baru
1st Petroșani
2nd Petroșani
Roșia
Mount Cindrel
Colun
Sibiu
3rd Petroșani
Bărcuț
Brașov
Bulgaria
Ruse
Flămânda
Orșova (offensive)
Băile Herculane
Dobruja
Turtucaia
Bazargic
1st Cobadin
2nd Cobadin
1st Orșova
Cinghinarele
Southern Carpathians
Predeal
1st Oituz
Sălătrucu
1st Jiu Valley
Dragoslavele
Eastern Carpathians
Úz Valley
Ghimeș
Olt Valley
The Romanian Debacle
2nd Jiu Valley
2nd Oituz
Zimnicea
Slatina
Robănești
Bucharest
Prunaru
Pitești–Târgoviște
Argeș
Retreat
Buzău
Râmnicu Sărat
Brăila
Focșani
1917 Campaign
Mărăști
Mărășești
3rd Oituz
Galați
Bessarabia
Treaty of Buftea
Treaty of Bucharest
Romania rejoins the war
v
t
e
Theaters of the Russian Civil War
October Revolution
Left-wing uprisings
Allied intervention
Central Powers intervention
Northern
Finland
North Russia
Heimosodat
Eastern Karelia
Western
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
Petrograd
Poland
Southern
Ukraine
Ukrainian-Soviet War
Western Ukraine
South Russia
Bessarabia
South Caucasus
Ossetia
Georgia
Armenia and Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan
Armenia
Tambov
Eastern
Czechoslovak Legionary Revolt
Siberia
1st Kazan
2nd Kazan
1st Perm
Spring 1919 offensive of the White Army
Spring 1919 counteroffensive of the Red Army
Great Siberian Ice March
Chita
Mongolia
Yakut revolt
Central Asian
Bukhara
Khiva
Basmachi
The Romanian military intervention in Bessarabia took place between 19 January and 8 March (Old Style [O.S.] 5 January – 23 February) 1918, as part of the broader Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War. It pitted the Kingdom of Romania, Russian Republic, Ukrainian People's Republic and anti-Bolshevik factions of the Moldavian Democratic Republic on one side, against the Bolshevik controlled Rumcherod and Odessa Soviet Republic, as well as pro-Bolshevik factions within the Moldavian DR. The intervention began when the Romanian army and its allies crossed into Bessarabia and launched an attack on Chișinău and Ungheni, capturing the latter.
On 19 January, the Bolshevik Frontotdel took hold of Chișinău, only to lose it to a second Romanian offensive on 26 January. On 29 January, Romanian troops besieged Bender; after much bitter fighting the defenders retreated from the city on 2 February. In northern Bessarabia, Romanian troops seized Bălți on 5 February. On 14 February, Vladimir Lenin appointed Mikhail Muravyov as the commander of the Bessarabia and Transnistria Front, reinforcing it with 3,000 soldiers. Muravyov went on a counter-offensive, achieving a number of victories, however his gains were erased when the Central Powers launched a large scale offensive against the Bolsheviks. In the south, Bolshevik sailors continued to control parts of the Budjak until early March, before retreating to Odessa.
Romania used the opportunity to break armistice negotiations with the Bolsheviks and occupy the last Bessarabian territories not under its control. On 6 February, Sfatul Țării, the Moldavian Democratic Republic's parliament, declared the country's independence. On 9 April 1918, the Moldavian Democratic Republic united with Romania.
^"Карл Шмидт против Антона Морару (Михаил Слобозияну) / Проза.ру".
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Global Information
German Empire
Austria-Hungary
Odessa Committee for the Salvation of Bessarabia
Ernest Broșteanu
