Remains of an old Roman roadA milestone from Domitian's reign, originally placed in 83, that was discovered south of Achziv on the Antioch-Acre road
Roman roads in Judaea refers to an extensive network of roads built in the Roman period in what was then Judaea (later Syria Palaestina). Remains of some still exist to this day. Many of these roads, including the graded paths, were built by the Jewish population of Judaea, used for pilgrimage to Jerusalem.[1] The Romans used the existing infrastructure for the empire's transportation needs in the province.[2]
The purpose of constructing these roads in ancient Rome was to establish an extensive network of thoroughfares, similar to those found throughout the Roman Empire.[2][3] These roads primarily served the movement of Roman military units and also facilitated public transportation, including mail delivery and travel for central government officials. Additionally, the roads played an economic role in transporting goods and people.[2][3]
Some of the roads in the Judaea were paved following the First Jewish–Roman War (66-73), some during the time of Roman emperor Hadrian, and some during the reign of Emperor Marcus Aurelius.[4] The prominent characteristic of these roads was their use of the most convenient route possible from one point to another: a route that avoided natural obstacles, remained passable throughout the year, and had a gentle slope – suitable for pedestrian travel, riding, and vehicle passage. Along the roads, milestones were erected to mark the distance and direction, and there were forts and watchtowers where soldiers guarded the roads.[4][5]
There are modern roads in Israel that utilize the routes of the ancient Roman roads. The most prominent example is the Ashkelon–Kiryat Gat–Hebron road (today Highway 35), which ascends to Hebron along a winding route with minimal incline. However, most of the ancient Roman roads in modern Israel were destroyed by the British, who paved roads over them.[1]
From the headquarters of the Legio VI Ferrata, which camped at Legio, a strategic location on the Caesarea–Beit She'an road in the southern foothills of the Jezreel Valley near the modern Megiddo junction, oads were constructed in the year 120 CE to the provincial capital Caesarea,[6] to Beit She'an,[7] to Sepphoris,[8] and to Acre.[4]
^ abאשכנזי, אלי (2013-09-20). "החוקרים שעלו על הדרך החדשה לבית המקדש". הארץ (in Hebrew). Retrieved 2024-04-15.
^ abcParr, Peter J. (January 1984). "Roman Roads in Judaea. I. The Legio-Scythopolis Road. By Benjamin Isaac and Israel Roll. (B[ritish] A[rchaeological] R[eports], International Series, 141.) pp. [ii], xi, 143. Oxford. BAR, 1982. £9". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 116 (1): 123. doi:10.1017/S0035869X00166201. ISSN 2051-2066.
^ abCite error: The named reference :4 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abcPiccirillo, Michele; Alliata, Eugenio (1999). The Madaba Map Centenary, 1897-1997: Travelling Through the Byzantine Umayyad Period. Studium Biblicum Franciscanum.
^Cite error: The named reference :8 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"מאמרים | כבישים רומיים ואבני מיל בארץ ישראל" (in Hebrew). 2024-03-26. Retrieved 2024-04-15.
^Parr, Peter J. (January 1984). "Roman Roads in Judaea. I. The Legio-Scythopolis Road. By Benjamin Isaac and Israel Roll. (B[ritish] A[rchaeological] R[eports], International Series, 141.) pp. [ii], xi, 143. Oxford. BAR, 1982. £9". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 116 (1): 123. doi:10.1017/S0035869X00166201. ISSN 2051-2066.
^Isaac, Benjamin H.; Roll, Israel (1982). Roman Roads in Judaea I: The Legio-Scythopolis Road. B.A.R. ISBN 978-0-86054-172-1.
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