Heinrich Robert Hellmuth Kudicke (born 12 December 1876 in Preußisch Eylau, Province of Prussia, died 8 May 1961) was a German physician, epidemiologist and one of the leading experts on tropical diseases in his lifetime. He worked in German East Africa and China for several years. A long-time collaborator of Nobel laureate Robert Koch, he is especially known for his work with African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness in the early 20th century. As director of the State Institute of Hygiene in German occupied Warsaw in 1941, he tested a new Typhus vaccine on Jewish residents of the Warsaw ghetto, with ensuing adverse effects and deaths. During the early Cold War era, he worked in several developing countries in connection with medical development aid programmes.