Global InformationRingolevio information
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Ringolevio (also spelled ringalevio or ring-a-levio)[1] is a children's game which originated in the streets of New York City, where it is known to have been played at least as far back as the late 19th century.[2][3][a] It is one of the many variations of tag.[4] In Canada, the game is known as Relievio, a name which was also used in Boston and Ireland in the 1950s. It is also, in some places, known as coco-levio.[5]
American activist and author Emmett Grogan wrote a fictionalized autobiography called Ringolevio,[6] which was published in 1972. Grogan wrote: "It's a game. A game played on the streets of New York, for as long as anyone can remember. It is called Ringolevio, and the rules are simple. There are two sides, each with the same number of players. There are no time limits, no intermissions, no substitutes and no weapons allowed. There are two jails. There is one objective."[7]
According to Stewart Culin, relievo became ring relievo and then ringoleavio.[8] A similar game, called Prisoner's Base, was played by members of Lewis & Clark's Corps of Discovery against a group of Nez Perce.[9][10]
- ^ "ring-a-levio entry in Merriam-Webster on-line dictionary". Retrieved September 20, 2010.
- ^ See this journal article, published in 1891: Stewart Culin (1891) [Jul-Sep, 1891]. "Street Games of Boys in Brooklyn, N. Y.". The Journal of American Folklore. 4 (14): 221–237. JSTOR 534007.
- ^ "The hi-spy class includes, among many others, ringalevio (Brooklyn name)" Dunn, Robert (June 1904), "Games of the City Street", The Outing, 44 (3): 275–276
- ^ "Ring-a-Levio is a sophisticated cross between Tag and Hide-and-Seek." Albert, David H. Dismantling the Inner School. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
- ^ "Childhood in New York: Fab 5 Freddy, Graffiti Artist, b. 1959". New York Magazine. March 31, 2013.
- ^ Grogan, Emmett (2008). Google Books preview of novel by Emmett Grogan. ISBN 9781590172865. Retrieved September 20, 2010.
- ^ Grogan, Ringolevio, 3.
- ^ "Encyclopedia of Children and Childhood in History and Society". Retrieved August 9, 2013.
- ^ Sunday 8th June 1806. the 2 men returned from the villages. a number of the natives visited us and gave Frazer a fine young horse a number of the natives joined and got out our canoe which was Sank. our party exercised themselves running and playing games called base in the evening danced after the fiddle as the Indians were anxious to See them. "The Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition". Retrieved 14 May 2016.
- ^ "The Forgotten Games of the Corps of Discovery". February 16, 2012.
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