This article is about a mains power configuration. For circuits where the components are connected in a ring, see ring modulation and phase-locked loop.
"Ring main" redirects here. For the London water infrastructure, see Thames Water Ring Main.
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Electrical installations
Wiring practice by region or country
North American practice
United Kingdom practice
Regulation of electrical installations
BS 7671 UK wiring regulations
IEC 60364 IEC international standard
Canadian Electrical Code (CE Code)
U.S. National Electrical Code (NEC)
Cabling and accessories
AC power plugs and sockets
Cable tray
Electrical conduit
Mineral-insulated copper-clad cable
Multiway switching
Steel wire armoured cable
Ring main unit
Ring circuit
Thermoplastic-sheathed cable
Switching and protection devices
AFCI
ELCB
Electrical busbar system
Circuit breakers
Disconnector
Fuse
Residual-current device
Distribution board
Consumer unit
Electrical switch
Earthing systems
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In electricity supply design, a ring circuit is an electrical wiring technique in which sockets and the distribution point are connected in a ring. It is contrasted with the usual radial circuit, in which sockets and the distribution point are connected in a line with the distribution point at one end.
Ring circuits are also known as ring final circuits and often incorrectly as ring mains, a term used historically,[1] or informally simply as rings.
It is used primarily in the United Kingdom, where it was developed, and to a lesser extent in Ireland and Hong Kong.
This design enables the use of smaller-diameter wire than would be used in a radial circuit of equivalent total current capacity. The reduced diameter conductors in the flexible cords connecting an appliance to the plug intended for use with sockets on a ring circuit are individually protected by a fuse in the plug. Its advantages over radial circuits are therefore reduced quantity of copper used, and greater flexibility of appliances and equipment that can be connected.
Ideally, the ring circuit acts like two radial circuits proceeding in opposite directions around the ring, the dividing point between them dependent on the distribution of load in the ring. If the load is evenly split across the two directions, the current in each direction is half of the total, allowing the use of wire with half the total current-carrying capacity. In practice, the load does not always split evenly, so thicker wire is used.
^"How To Use Your Wylex Plugs & Sockets" (PDF). Wylex. Retrieved 3 December 2019.
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