Blank pieces of paper stuck to the characters "自由" ("Freedom"), part of the Core Socialist Values slogan board at Xidian University in November 2022
Rightful resistance is a form of partially institutionalized popular contention against the state whereby aggrieved citizens seek to legitimize their causes by making use of state's own laws, policies or rhetoric in framing their protests. Rightful resistance is contrasted with other forms of popular protest where citizens challenge the legitimacy of rulers; the rightful resister accepts the legitimacy of laws, policies and core values of the state, but protests when they perceive that authorities have failed to deliver on their own promises, or have defied the laws or widely accepted values. Rightful resisters are characterized by the peaceful nature of their protests, which often make use of institutionalized channels of dissent. Unlike more conventional resisters who may employ covert or quiet means of sabotage against the state, rightful resisters actively seek the attention of the elites, and their protests are public and open.[1]
The concept was first explained by the political scientist Kevin O'Brien in the 1996 article Rightful Resistance, which focused on its applications in rural China, as well as in a variety of other political settings, including the United States and South Africa. The concept was elaborated on in O'Brien and Lianjiang Li's 2006 book Rightful Resistance in Rural China,[2] and has been adopted by a number of other social change theorists to describe the methods by which citizens may gradually seek to advance their rights and interests.
^O'Brien, Kevin J. (October 1996). "Rightful Resistance". World Politics. 49 (1): 31–55. doi:10.1353/wp.1996.0022. ISSN 0043-8871. S2CID 201748742.
^O'Brien, Kevin J.; Li, Lianjiang (2006-02-13). Rightful Resistance in Rural China (1 ed.). Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511791086. ISBN 978-0-521-86131-1.
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