Return migration refers to the individual or family decision of a migrant to leave a host country and to return permanently to the country of origin. Research topics include the return migration process, motivations for returning, the experiences returnees encounter, and the impacts of return migration on both the host and the home countries.[1]
The exact numbers are debated, but Mark Wyman concludes: "The totals are so enormous: at least one-third of the 52 million Europeans who left Europe between 1824 and 1924 returned permanently to their homelands."[2]
"Return migration" can be contrasted with repatriation, which is imposed by the host government on a specified group of immigrants.[3] It should also be distinguished from circular migration, in which migrants repeatedly travel between origin and destination countries, for example to plant and harvest crops each season.
^ For the recent historiography see Tuncay Bilecen, "To Stay or to Return? A Review on Return Migration Literature" Migration Letters (2022) 19#4 pp. 367–385. https://doi.org/10.33182/ml.v19i4.2092; and Mohamed-Abdullahi Mohamed, and Asmat-Nizam Abdul-Talib "Push–pull factors influencing international return migration intentions: a systematic literature review" Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy (2020) 14#2 pp. 231-246 online
^Mark Wyman, 2005, p. 16.
^Marta Bivand Erdal, "Migration, Forced" in International Encyclopedia of Human Geography (2nd ed. 2020) pp 105-110.
Returnmigration refers to the individual or family decision of a migrant to leave a host country and to return permanently to the country of origin....
another (external migration), but internal migration (within a single country) is the dominant form of human migration globally. Migration is often associated...
Better chances of marrying Human migrationReturnmigration Urbanization Lee, Everett S. (1966). "A Theory of Migration". Demography. 3 (1): 47–57. doi:10...
for international migration, as students pursue their studies abroad, although this migration is sometimes temporary, with a return to the home country...
than migration", since he doubts they would "return for a week or two to warmer latitudes". Only at the end of the eighteenth century was migration accepted...
Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela, although returnmigration from South America back to Korea has ensued since then. In the 1970s...
The migration is affected by ocean currents. Around Iceland maturing capelin make large northward feeding migrations in spring and summer. The return migration...
the largest Japanese population outside Japan. Since the 1980s, a returnmigration has emerged of Japanese Brazilians to Japan. More recently, a trend...
terrorism experts and others. Lebanese Australians have a moderate rate of returnmigration to Lebanon. In December 2001, the Department of Foreign Affairs estimated...
settled in Germany have begun returning to South Korea after retirement, bringing German spouses with them; this returnmigration has resulted in the creation...
war had occasioned a shift in migration patterns, pressing the need to place a large number of people who could not return to their own countries for a...
and were finally asked to return home when the Japanese became unemployed in large numbers. At the same time, returnmigration to Japan, along with repatriation...
never" migration based on expectations on upcoming restrictions, and (iv) decreases in returnmigration flows due to restrictions on circular migration. In...
Chain migration is the social process by which immigrants from a particular area follow others from that area to a particular destination. The destination...
among the reasons to return. In this sense, the returnmigration captured in the census is a snapshot of continuous circular migration. The National Research...
States, 1900-1914 (Center for Migration Studies, 1973) 110 pp. Cinel, Dino. The National Integration of Italian ReturnMigration, 1870-1929 (Cambridge UP,...
the ex-converso Western Sephardim. Taken with them during their later migration out of Iberia in the 16th to 18th centuries as conversos, after which...
temporarily and then return to Turkey so that they could build a new life with the money they had earned. Indeed, return-migration increased during the...
migrations in spring and summer, and the returnmigration takes place in September to November. The spawning migration starts from north of Iceland in December...
B. (January 2006). "The Philippines' Culture of Migration". Migration Information Source. Migration Policy Institute. Retrieved December 14, 2009. "Selected...
the return of the Heracleidae. However, Müller was also applying the sense of Völkerwanderung to it, which was being used of the Germanic migrations. Müller's...
immigration or migration; seasonal labour immigration is sometimes included, however. As for economic effects, research suggests that migration is beneficial...
Brad (November 24, 2014). "Ecuador: From Mass Emigration to ReturnMigration?". Migration Policy Institute. Retrieved March 3, 2018. [permanent dead link]...
or mixed. Research also suggests that emigration, remittances and returnmigration can have a positive effect on democratization and on the quality of...
proposing and charting a path for a new kind of migration story whose quintessence is returnmigration. Adichie's explorations of sexual education and...
began to return, about 11 700 years ago, to the treeless, post-glacial steppes. Pollen analysis has largely clarified how this returnmigration happened...
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