Global InformationRetrograde autologous priming information
| Retrograde autologous priming (RAP) | |
|---|---|
| Duration | Cardiac surgery (with CPB) |
| Types | Blood conservation technique |
| Causes | Hemodilution |
Retrograde autologous priming (RAP) is a means to effectively and safely restrict the hemodilution caused by the direct homologous blood transfusion and reduce the blood transfusion requirements during cardiac surgery.[1] It is also generally considered a blood conservation method used in most patients during the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).[1] The processing of RAP includes three main steps, and the entire procedure of RAP (about 1L CPB prime volume) could be completed within 5 to 8 minutes.[2] This technique is proposed by Panico in 1960 for the first time and restated by Rosengart in 1998 to eliminate or reduce the risk of hemodilution during CPB.[2] Moreover, to precisely determine the clinical efficacy of RAP, many related studies were conducted. Most results of researches indicate that RAP is available to provide some benefits to reducing the requirements for red blood cell transfusion.[2] However, there are still some studies showing a failure of RAP to limit the hemodilution after the open heart operation.[3]
- ^ a b Subramaniam, Balachandran; Cross, Michael H; Karthikeyan, Sivagnanam; Mulpur, Anilkumar; Hansbro, Stephen D; Hobson, Peter (2002). "Retrograde autologous priming of the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit reduces blood transfusion after coronary artery surgery". The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 73 (6): 1912–1918. doi:10.1016/S0003-4975(02)03513-0. PMID 12078790.
- ^ a b c George, Vretzakis; Kleitsaki, Athina; Aretha, Diamanto; Karanikolas, Menelaos (2011). "Management of intraoperative fluid balance and blood conservation techniques in adult cardiac surgery" (PDF). Heart Surgery Forum. 14 (1): E28-39. doi:10.1532/HSF98.2010111. PMID 21345774. S2CID 16198120. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-02-20.
- ^ Glenn S, Murphy; Szokol, Joseph W; Nitsun, Martin; Alspach, David A; Avram, Michael J; Vender, Jeffery S; Votapka, Timothy V; Rosengart, Todd K (2004). "The failure of retrograde autologous priming of the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit to reduce blood use after cardiac surgical procedures". Anesthesia & Analgesia. 98: 5 – via IARS.