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Retreat from Gettysburg information


Commanding generals Meade and Lee

The Confederate Army of Northern Virginia began its Retreat from Gettysburg on July 4, 1863. Following General Robert E. Lee's failure to defeat the Union Army at the Battle of Gettysburg (July 1–3, 1863), he ordered a retreat through Maryland and over the Potomac River to relative safety in Virginia. The Union Army of the Potomac, commanded by Maj. Gen. George G. Meade, was unable to maneuver quickly enough to launch a significant attack on the Confederates, who crossed the river on the night of July 13 into South Mountain through Cashtown in a wagon train that extended for 15–20 miles, enduring harsh weather, treacherous roads, and enemy cavalry raids. The bulk of Lee's infantry departed through Fairfield and through the Monterey Pass toward Hagerstown, Maryland. Reaching the Potomac, they found that rising waters and destroyed pontoon bridges prevented their immediate crossing. Erecting substantial defensive works, they awaited the arrival of the Union army, which had been pursuing over longer roads more to the south of Lee's route. Before Meade could perform adequate reconnaissance and attack the Confederate fortifications, Lee's army escaped across fords and a hastily rebuilt bridge.

Combat operations, primarily cavalry battles, raids, and skirmishes, occurred during the retreat at Fairfield (July 3), Monterey Pass (July 4–5), Smithsburg (July 5), Hagerstown (July 6 and 12), Boonsboro (July 8), Funkstown (July 7 and 10), and around Williamsport and Falling Waters (July 6–14). Additional clashes after the armies crossed the Potomac occurred at Shepherdstown (July 16) and Manassas Gap (July 23) in Virginia, ending the Gettysburg Campaign of June and July 1863.

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Retreat from Gettysburg

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began its Retreat from Gettysburg on July 4, 1863. Following General Robert E. Lee's failure to defeat the Union Army at the Battle of Gettysburg (July 1–3...

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Battle of Gettysburg

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them from the northwest and north, however, collapsing the hastily developed Union lines, leading them to retreat through the streets of Gettysburg to the...

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Gettysburg

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1863 Gettysburg Campaign Retreat from Gettysburg, the Confederate and Union armies' return to the South following the Battle of Gettysburg Gettysburg Address...

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Gettysburg campaign

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McPherson cites the combination of Gettysburg and Vicksburg as the turning point. Kent Masterson Brown, Retreat from Gettysburg: Lee, Logistics, and the Pennsylvania...

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Fight at Monterey Pass

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military engagement beginning the evening of July 4, 1863, during the Retreat from Gettysburg. A Confederate wagon train of Lt. Gen. Richard S. Ewell's Second...

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Battle of Boonsboro

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the Retreat from Gettysburg during the Gettysburg Campaign of the American Civil War. While Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia retreated toward...

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Daniel Sickles

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planned to retreat from Gettysburg on the first day. He also claimed to have occupied Little Round Top on July 2. While his movement away from Cemetery...

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19th Virginia Infantry Regiment

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participated in the campaigns of the Army of Northern Virginia from Williamsburg to Gettysburg except when it was with Longstreet at Suffolk. Later it served...

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Battle of Williamsport

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4–July 5, Gen. Robert E. Lee's battered Confederate army began its retreat from Gettysburg, moving southwest on the Fairfield Road toward Hagerstown and Williamsport...

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Bibliography of American Civil War battles and campaigns

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Simon & Schuster, 2001. ISBN 0-684-85914-9. Brown, Kent Masterson. Retreat from Gettysburg: Lee, Logistics, and the Pennsylvania Campaign. Chapel Hill, North...

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Interior lines

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ISBN 978-1-134-25224-4. Kent Masterson Brown, Esq. (1 August 2011). Retreat from Gettysburg: Lee, Logistics, and the Pennsylvania Campaign. UNC Press Books...

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John Buford

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ill-advised decision that uncovered the Union left flank. In the Retreat from Gettysburg, Buford pursued the Confederates to Warrenton, Virginia, and was...

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Pennsylvania Route 116

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with Fairfield Road to the west of Gettysburg used by the Confederate States Army during the Retreat from Gettysburg. PA 116 was designated onto its current...

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58th New York Infantry Regiment

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of Gettysburg. He did so. During the day, Confederate sharpshooters kept up a continuous fire on these houses. The Confederates began retreat from Gettysburg...

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Monterey Pass

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was the site of the July 1863 Fight at Monterey Pass during the Retreat from Gettysburg in the American Civil War. The first military engagement at Monterey...

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David McMurtrie Gregg

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Battle of Williamsport in the Army of Northern Virginia's long Retreat from Gettysburg, Gregg's division clashed with the cavalry brigades of Brig. Gens...

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2nd Mississippi Infantry Regiment

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the Regiment took part in the Battle of Williamsport during the retreat from Gettysburg and the Battle of Bristoe Station in October. During the Battle...

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James Longstreet

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Longstreet's advice. On July 4, the Confederate army began its retreat from Gettysburg. Hampered by rain, the bulk of the army finally made it across...

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Jubal Early

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of Early's division covered the rear of Lee's army during its retreat from Gettysburg on July 4 and July 5. Early's forces wintered in the Shenandoah...

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Gettysburg Battlefield

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The Gettysburg Battlefield is the area of the July 1–3, 1863, military engagements of the Battle of Gettysburg in and around Gettysburg, Pennsylvania...

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