1991 New Zealand law promoting sustainable management of natural and physical resources
Resource Management Act 1991
New Zealand Parliament
Long title
An Act to restate and reform the law relating to the use of land, air, and water.
Royal assent
22 July 1991
Commenced
1 October 1991
Legislative history
Introduced by
Simon Upton
Passed
22 July 1991
Amended by
1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005
Related legislation
Crown Minerals Act 1991
Status: Current legislation
The Resource Management Act (RMA) passed in 1991 in New Zealand is a significant, and at times, controversial Act of Parliament. The RMA promotes the sustainable management of natural and physical resources such as land, air and water. New Zealand's Ministry for the Environment describes the RMA as New Zealand's principal legislation for environmental management.[1]
The RMA and the decisions made under it by district and regional councils and in courts affect both individuals and businesses in large numbers, and often in very tangible ways. The Act has variously been attacked for being ineffective in managing adverse environmental effects, or overly time-consuming and expensive and concerned with bureaucratic restrictions on legitimate economic activities.[2]
The Sixth Labour Government replaced the RMA with two separate acts: the Natural and Built Environment Act 2023 (NBA), and the Spatial Planning Act 2023 (SPA);[3][4] and planned to add the Climate Change Adaptation Bill (CAA).[5] Following the 2023 New Zealand general election, the National-led coalition government repealed Labour's NBA and SPA legislation. It also promised to reform the RMA and eventually replace it with new resource management laws.[6]
^MfE (2010). "Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA)". Ministry for the Environment. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
^Pawson, Eric (26 November 2010). "Economy and the environment – Page 4 – Regulating economy and environment". Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 19 April 2012. The resource management process was criticised by developers as time-consuming and expensive, and by environmentalists as giving too much encouragement to developers.
^"Natural and Built Environment Bill". New Zealand Parliament. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
^"Spatial Planning Bill". New Zealand Parliament. Archived from the original on 21 December 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
^Morton, Jamie (11 February 2021). "Government confirms it will scrap Resource Management Act, create three new acts". NZ Herald. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
^Bishop, Chris (20 December 2023). "NBA and SPA successfully repealed". Beehive.govt.nz. New Zealand Government. Archived from the original on 20 December 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
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