The poem of Ghalib, the notable poet of the 'Rekhta' dialect
Region
Around Delhi
Era
13th-18th centuries[1]
Language family
Indo-European
Indo-Iranian
Indo-Aryan
Central Zone
Western Hindi
Hindustani
Rekhta
Writing system
Perso-Arabic (Urdu alphabet) Devanagari
Language codes
ISO 639-3
–
Glottolog
rekh1239
Rekhta (Urdu: ریختہ[ˈreːxtaː]; Hindi: रेख़्ता[ˈreːxtaː]) was an early form of the Hindustani language. This style evolved in both the Perso-Arabic and Devanagari scripts and is considered an early form of Modern Standard Urdu and Modern Standard Hindi.[2] According to the Pakistani linguist and historian Tariq Rehman, Rekhta was a highly Persianized register of Hindustani, exclusively used by poets. It was not only the vocabulary that was Persianized, but also the poetic metaphors, inspired by Indian landscapes and seasons, were abandoned in favor of the Persian ones i.e. bahaar (spring) replacing barsaat (rainy season).[3]
The 13th century Indo-Persian Muslim poet Amir Khusrau used the term "Hindavi" (Persian: ھندوی, lit. 'of Hind or India') for the 'Rekhta' dialect (the ancestor of Modern Urdu), the Persianized offshoot of the Apabharamsa vernacular Old Hindi, towards its emergence during the era of Delhi Sultanate,[4][5][6][7] and gave shape to it in the Islamic literature, thus called "the father of Urdu literature".[8] Other early Muslim poets, includes Baba Farid, who contributed in the development of the language.[9] Later from the 18th century, the dialect became the literary language and was further developed by the poets Mir and Ghalib in the late Mughal period, and the term eventually fallen out and came to be known as "Urdu", by the end of the century.[6][10]
^"Frequently Asked Questions". rekhta.org. Rekhta is the old name of Urdu. Amir Khusrau, the late 13th Century poet wrote in Rekhta. It changed its name many times and came to be known as Dakkani, Gujari, Hindavi, etc at various points of time. Mir and Ghalib also wrote in Rekhta, which later came to be known as Urdu in the late 19th Century.
^"Rekhta: Poetry in Mixed Language, The Emergence of Khari Boli Literature in North India" (PDF). Columbia University. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 March 2016. Retrieved 23 April 2018.
^Rahman, Tariq (2011). From Hindi to Urdu: A Social and Political History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-906313-0.
^Kathleen Kuiper, ed. (2011). The Culture of India. Rosen Publishing. p. 80. ISBN 9781615301492. Hindustani began to develop during the 13th century AD in and around the Indian cities of Dehli and Meerut in response to the increasing linguistic diversity that resulted from Muslim hegemony.
^Keith Brown; Sarah Ogilvie (2008). Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-08-087774-7. Apabhramsha seemed to be in a state of transition from Middle Indo-Aryan to the New Indo-Aryan stage. Some elements of Hindustani appear ... the distinct form of the lingua franca Hindustani appears in the writings of Amir Khusro (1253–1325), who called it Hindwi[.]
^ abCite error: The named reference tariqrahman was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"All writings of Amir Khusraw". rekhta.org.
^Bhattacharya, Vivek Ranjan (1982). Famous Indian sages: their immortal messages. Sagar Publications.
^Masica, Colin P. (1993). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Cambridge University Press. p. 54. ISBN 9780521299442.
^Sweta Kaushal (20 September 2015). "Meer Taqi Meer: 10 couplets we can use in our conversations". Hindustan Times (newspaper). Retrieved 18 July 2020.
Rekhta (Urdu: ریختہ [ˈreːxtaː]; Hindi: रेख़्ता [ˈreːxtaː]) was an early form of the Hindustani language. This style evolved in both the Perso-Arabic and...
founder of the Rekhta Foundation an organization dedicated to preserving and promoting Urdu literature. Under his leadership, the Rekhta Foundation has...
Guardian described it as "lacking substance" and "self-aggrandizement", while Rekhta described it as a "realistic and detailed account on how broadcast media...
from the Persians, or other Nations. In 1715, a complete literary Diwan in Rekhta was written by Nawab Sadruddin Khan. An Urdu-Persian dictionary was written...
in the Urdu language. Rais Amrohvi "Jaun Eliya - Profile & Biography". Rekhta. Retrieved 23 August 2022. Pakistan: alternative imag(in)ings of the nation...
transliteration. The Hindi variant is usually written as एतबार (etbār). Rekhta Dictionary transliterates this term as ए'तिबार (e'tibār) in Devanagari/Hindi...
a separate branch of Urdu literature. Urdu, Drama. "Collection of Urdu dramas". Rekhta. Saksina, Ram Babu: Tareekh e Adab Urdu (ebook at Rekhta.org)...
imposed by the society or by the religion.[citation needed] Novels portal Bano Qudsia "The Vulture King Overview". The News. "Rekhta". Rekhta. v t e...
ISBN 978-0-920717-41-7. "Meaning of qaadiyaanii in English, Hindi & Urdu". Rekhta Dictionary. Retrieved 2023-04-01. Farahnaz Ispahani (2 January 2017). Purifying...
Gotain by Mohammad Afzal Khan". Rekhta. Retrieved 21 June 2022. "Tareekh-e-Miyo Chhatri by Hakeem Abdush Shakoor". Rekhta. Retrieved 21 June 2022. "Rajpoot...
Rekhta". Rekhta. Retrieved 10 November 2016. Paimana e Ghazal Vol 1 compiled by Mohd Shams ul Haq. Rekhta.org. p. 102. "جرأت قلندر بخش - غزل". Rekhta...
'Language of Hindustan'), Hindustan ki boli (transl. 'Language of Hindustan'), Rekhta, and Hindi. Its regional dialects became known as Zabān-e Dakhani in southern...
Gotain by Mohammad Afzal Khan". Rekhta. Retrieved 22 June 2022. "Tareekh-e-Miyo Chhatri by Hakeem Abdush Shakoor". Rekhta. Retrieved 22 June 2022. "Gazetteer...
Tamanna' by Bismil Azimabadi". Rekhta. Retrieved 2 June 2020. "Read full ghazal 'na apne zabt ko' by Bismil Azimabadi". Rekhta. Retrieved 2 June 2020. "Read...
Mewati lost his life in the midst of the battle. "تاریخ میوچھتری | ریختہ". Rekhta (in Urdu). Retrieved 6 June 2022. توصیف الحسن میواتی الہندی (23 August 2020)...