Miami University (BA) Ohio State University (MA) University of Chicago (Phd)
Ray L. Birdwhistell (September 29, 1918 – October 19, 1994) was an American anthropologist who founded kinesics as a field of inquiry and research.[1] Birdwhistell coined the term kinesics, meaning "facial expression, gestures, posture and gait, and visible arm and body movements".[2] He estimated that "no more than 30 to 35 percent of the social meaning of a conversation or an interaction is carried by the words."[3] Stated more broadly, he argued that "words are not the only containers of social knowledge."[4] He proposed other technical terms, including kineme, and many others less frequently used today.[5] Birdwhistell had at least as much impact on the study of language and social interaction generally as just nonverbal communication because he was interested in the study of communication more broadly than is often recognized.[6] Birdwhistell understood body movements to be culturally patterned rather than universal.[7] His students were required to read widely, sources not only in communication but also anthropology and linguistics.[8] "Birdwhistell himself was deeply disappointed that his general communicative interests and goals were not appropriately understood."[9] Collaborations with others, including initially Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson, and later, Erving Goffman and Dell Hymes had huge influence on his work. For example, the book he is best known for, Kinesics and Context, "would not have appeared if it had not been envisaged by Erving Goffman" [10] and he explicitly stated "the paramount and sustaining influence upon my work has been that of anthropological linguistics",[11] a tradition most directly represented at the University of Pennsylvania by Hymes.[12]
^Danesi, M (2006). Kinesics. Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. 207-213.
^Padula, A. (2009). Kinesics. In S. Littlejohn, & K. Foss (Eds.), Encyclopedia of communication theory. (pp. 582-584). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, doi:10.4135/9781412959384.n217
^McDermott, R (1980). "Profile: Ray L. Birdwhistell". The Kinesics Report. 2 (3): 1–16.
^In; Kendon, A.; Sigman, S. J. (1996). "Ray L. Birdwhistell (1918-1994)". Semiotica. 112 (1–2): 249.
^Ottenheimer, H.J. (2007). The anthropology of language: an introduction to linguistic anthropology. Kansas : Thomson Wadsworth. p129.
^Leeds-Hurwitz, W. (2010). The emergence of language and social interaction research as a specialty. In W. Leeds-Hurwitz (Ed.), The social history of language and social interaction research: People, places, ideas (pp. 3-60). Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.
^Kendon, A.; Sigman, S. J. (1996). "Ray L. Birdwhistell (1918-1994)". Semiotica. 112 (1–2): 231. doi:10.1515/semi.1996.112.3-4.231. S2CID 171890064.
^Leeds-Hurwitz, W., & Sigman, S. J. (2010). The Penn tradition. In W. Leeds-Hurwitz (Ed.), The social history of language and social interaction research: People, places, ideas. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press, p. 237.
^Paterno, David. (2022). Rebooting Raymond Birdwhistell. Communication Research and Practice 8(3), 229-242, DOI: 10.1080/22041451.2022.2067098 p. 232
^Birdwhistell, R. L. (1970). Kinesics and context: Essays in body motion communication. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, p. xiv.
^Birdwhistell, R. L. (1970). Kinesics and context: Essays in body motion communication. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, p. 25.
^Leeds-Hurwitz, W., & Sigman, S. J. (2010). The Penn tradition. In W. Leeds-Hurwitz (Ed.), The social history of language and social interaction research: People, places, ideas. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press, p. 236.
Ray L. Birdwhistell (September 29, 1918 – October 19, 1994) was an American anthropologist who founded kinesics as a field of inquiry and research. Birdwhistell...
whole. The equivalent popular culture term is body language, a term RayBirdwhistell, considered the founder of this area of study, neither used nor liked...
nonverbal communication, including the study of oculesics. Professor RayBirdwhistell was one of the earliest theorists of nonverbal communication. As an...
model for paralanguage), Edward T. Hall developing proxemics, and RayBirdwhistell developing kinesics. Trager published his conclusions in 1958, 1960...
with Pierre Bourdieu in France, as well as Goffman, Dell Hymes, and RayBirdwhistell in the US, leading to his efforts to share research across international...
the major group project). In their place, two other anthropologists, RayBirdwhistell, already then known as the founder of kinesics, the study of body motion...
Series 15, No. 95. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Library. With RayBirdwhistell, H.W. Brosin & N.A. McQuown, authors the chapter "Remarks on the by-products...
whole; in layman's terms, it is the study of body language. However, RayBirdwhistell, who is considered the founder of this area of study, never used the...
These considerations have prompted some communication theorists, like RayBirdwhistell, to claim that the majority of ideas and information is conveyed this...
studies with Melville J. Herskovits at Columbia University and with RayBirdwhistell at the University of Pennsylvania. Alan Lomax married Elizabeth Harold...
conversation Gesture recognition List of facial expression databases Sentiment analysis Key people RayBirdwhistell Charles Darwin Paul Ekman Related...
Linguistic Circle; sociologist Erving Goffman and anthropologist Ray L. Birdwhistell, both his colleagues at Penn; and ethnomethodologists Harold Garfinkel...
Sydney Biddle (1847–1891), former lawyer and Penn Law School professor RayBirdwhistell (1918–1994), former anthropologist, University of Pennsylvania professor...
the University of Toronto, where he studied under C. W. M. Hart and RayBirdwhistell, graduating in 1945 with a BA in sociology and anthropology. Later...
Mental Research Institute Nonverbal communication Paul Watzlawick RayBirdwhistell "Bavelas, Janet Beavin, 1940–". Library of Congress Name Authority...
theoretical understandings included: Erving Goffman, Albert Scheflen, RayBirdwhistell, and Gregory Bateson. Becoming aware of Scheflen's work in 1965, while...
for disagreeing with RayBirdwhistell's claim opposing universality. Ekman wrote that, while many people agreed with Birdwhistell then, most came to accept...
intellectual. Li Qingwei, 74, People's Republic of China politician. RayBirdwhistell, 76, American anthropologist. Hedi Flitz, 94, German politician. M...
Michel Foucault Derek Freeman M N Srinivas 1918 John Arundel Barnes RayBirdwhistell James Clyde Mitchell David Schneider 1914 Adolph Bandelier Alexander...
Professor of Social Thought; former chair US Civil Rights Commission RayBirdwhistell: professor, Annenberg School for Communication at the University of...
Barron, Gregory Bateson, Alex Bavelas, Frank A. Beach, Leo Berman, Ray L. Birdwhistell, Robert L. Blake, Helen Blauvelt, Jerome S. Bruner, George W. Boguslavsky...
Art of Asking: Ask Better Questions, Get Better Answers. FT Press. Birdwhistell, Ray L. (1970). Kinesics and Context: Essays on Body Motion Communication...
- We lead from the front". Edelen Ventures. Retrieved May 27, 2018. Birdwhistell, Terry L. (March 31, 1976). "Interview with Adolph M. Edwards, March...
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