Randomised response is a research method used in structured survey interview. It was first proposed by S. L. Warner in 1965 and later modified by B. G. Greenberg and coauthors in 1969.[1][2] It allows respondents to respond to sensitive issues (such as criminal behavior or sexuality) while maintaining confidentiality. Chance decides, unknown to the interviewer, whether the question is to be answered truthfully, or "yes", regardless of the truth.
For example, social scientists have used it to ask people whether they use drugs, whether they have illegally installed telephones, or whether they have evaded paying taxes. Before abortions were legal, social scientists used the method to ask women whether they had had abortions.[3]
The concept is somewhat similar to plausible deniability. Plausible deniability allows the subject to credibly say that they did not make a statement, while the randomized response technique allows the subject to credibly say that they had not been truthful when making a statement.
^Warner, S. L. (March 1965). "Randomised response: a survey technique for eliminating evasive answer bias". Journal of the American Statistical Association. 60 (309). Taylor & Francis: 63–69. doi:10.1080/01621459.1965.10480775. JSTOR 2283137. PMID 12261830. S2CID 35435339.
^Greenberg, B. G.; et al. (June 1969). "The Unrelated Question Randomised Response Model: Theoretical Framework". Journal of the American Statistical Association. 64 (326). Taylor & Francis: 520–39. doi:10.2307/2283636. JSTOR 2283636.
^Abernathy, James R.; et al. (February 1970). "Estimates of induced abortion in urban North Carolina". Demography. 7 (1): 19–29. doi:10.2307/2060019. JSTOR 2060019. PMID 5524615.
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