Global InformationRajiv Gandhi information
Rajiv Gandhi | |
|---|---|
 Gandhi in 1987 | |
| 6th Prime Minister of India | |
| In office 31 October 1984 – 2 December 1989 | |
| President |
|
| Preceded by | Indira Gandhi |
| Succeeded by | V. P. Singh |
| Leader of the Opposition, Lok Sabha | |
| In office 18 December 1989 – 23 December 1990 | |
| Prime Minister | V. P. Singh |
| Preceded by | Jagjivan Ram |
| Succeeded by | L. K. Advani |
| President of the Indian National Congress | |
| In office 28 December 1985 – 21 May 1991 | |
| Preceded by | Indira Gandhi |
| Succeeded by | P. V. Narasimha Rao |
| Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha | |
| In office 17 August 1981 – 21 May 1991 | |
| Preceded by | Sanjay Gandhi |
| Succeeded by | Satish Sharma |
| Constituency | Amethi |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Rajiv Gandhi 20 August 1944 Bombay, Bombay Presidency, British India (present-day Mumbai, Maharashtra, India) |
| Died | 21 May 1991 (aged 46) Sriperumbudur, Tamil Nadu, India |
| Manner of death | Assassination |
| Political party | Indian National Congress |
| Spouse |
Sonia Maino (m. 1968) |
| Children |
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| Parents |
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| Relatives | Nehru–Gandhi family |
| Alma mater |
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| Awards | Bharat Ratna (1991) |
| Monuments | Vir Bhumi |
| Signature |  |
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Prime Minister of India (1984–1989)
Premiership
National policy
Legislations
Treaties and accords
Missions and agencies
Controversies
Wars and attacks
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Rajiv Gandhi[1] (Hindi pronunciation: [raːdʒiːʋ ɡaːndʱiː] ⓘ; 20 August 1944 – 21 May 1991)[2][3] was an Indian politician who served as the 6th Prime Minister of India from 1984 to 1989. He took office after the assassination of his mother, then–prime minister Indira Gandhi, to become at the age of 40 the youngest Indian prime minister. He served until his defeat at the 1989 election, and then became Leader of the Opposition, Lok Sabha, resigning in December 1990, six months before his own assassination.
Gandhi was not related to the world-famous Mahatma Gandhi. Instead, he was from the politically powerful Nehru–Gandhi family, which had been associated with the Indian National Congress party. For much of his childhood, his maternal grandfather Jawaharlal Nehru was prime minister. Gandhi attended The Doon School, an elite boarding institution, and the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom. He returned to India in 1966 and became a professional pilot for the state-owned Indian Airlines. In 1968, he married Sonia Maino; the couple settled in Delhi for a domestic life with their children Rahul and Priyanka. For much of the 1970s, his mother was prime minister and his younger brother Sanjay an MP; despite this, Gandhi remained apolitical.
After Sanjay died in a plane crash in 1980, Gandhi reluctantly entered politics at the behest of his mother. The following year he won his brother's Parliamentary seat of Amethi and became a member of the Lok Sabha—the lower house of India's Parliament. As part of his political grooming, Rajiv was made general secretary of the Congress party and given significant responsibility in organising the 1982 Asian Games.
On the morning of 31 October 1984, his mother (the then prime minister) was assassinated by her two Sikh bodyguards[4][5][6][7] Satwant Singh and Beant Singh in the aftermath of Operation Blue Star, an Indian military action to remove Sikh separatist activists from the Golden Temple of the Harmandir Sahib. Later that day, Gandhi was appointed prime minister. His leadership was tested over the next few days as organised mobs of Congress supporters rioted against the Sikh community, resulting in anti-Sikh massacres in Delhi. Sources estimate the number of Sikh deaths at about 8,000–17,000.[8] That December, the Congress party won the largest Lok Sabha majority to date, 411 seats out of 542. Gandhi's period in office was mired in controversies; perhaps the greatest crises were the Bhopal disaster, Bofors scandal and Mohd. Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum. Soon after the installation of Gul Shah as chief minister in Jammu and Kashmir, the 1986 Kashmir riots erupted.[9] In 1988, he reversed the coup in Maldives, antagonising militant Tamil groups such as PLOTE, intervening and then sending peacekeeping troops to Sri Lanka in 1987, leading to open conflict with the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). In mid-1987, the Bofors scandal damaged his corruption-free image and resulted in a major defeat for his party in the 1989 election.
Gandhi remained Congress president until the elections in 1991. While campaigning for the elections, he was assassinated by a suicide bomber from the LTTE. His widow Sonia became the president of the Congress party in 1998 and led the party to victory in the 2004 and 2009 parliamentary elections. His son Rahul was a Member of Parliament from 2004 and was the President of the Indian National Congress until 2019 and his daughter Priyanka Vadra was a general secretary of the INC. In 1991, the Indian government posthumously awarded Gandhi the Bharat Ratna, the country's highest civilian award. At the India Leadership Conclave in 2009, the Revolutionary Leader of Modern India award was conferred posthumously on Gandhi.[10]
- ^ "Shri Rajiv Gandhi". Prime Ministers of India. Archived from the original on 19 May 2015. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
- ^ "Rajiv Gandhi | prime minister of India". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
- ^ Patel, Dhirubhai (17 February 2017). Rajiv Gandhi: Youngest Indian Prime Minister. Independently published. ISBN 978-1-5206-2973-5.
- ^ Kaur, Jaskaran; Crossette, Barbara (2006). Twenty years of impunity: the November 1984 pogroms of Sikhs in India (PDF) (2nd ed.). Portland, OR: Ensaaf. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-9787073-0-9. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
- ^ "1984: Assassination and revenge". BBC News. 31 October 1984. Archived from the original on 15 February 2009. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
- ^ Shaw, Jeffrey M.; Demy, Timothy J. (2017). War and Religion: An Encyclopedia of Faith and Conflict. ABC-CLIO. p. 129. ISBN 978-1610695176.
- ^ Brass, Paul R. (October 1996). Riots and Pogroms. NYU Press. p. 203. ISBN 978-0814712825.
- ^ Joseph, Paul (11 October 2016). The SAGE Encyclopedia of War: Social Science Perspectives. SAGE. p. 433. ISBN 978-1483359885. "around 17,000 Sikhs were burned alive or killed"
- ^ Aiyar, pp. 148–
- ^ "Special award bestowed on Rajiv Gandhi". The Hindu. 27 September 2009. Retrieved 28 February 2021.